Health and social care providers are obliged to ensure that their staff use safe practice and help them improve their performance. They must also have systems in place to enable staff to report inadequate resources or operational difficulties that could affect the delivery of safe care.
The likelihood of abuse is reduced by working with individual-centred values, promoting choice and rights and encouraging active participation. Anything else is considered as poor practice and equal to abuse.
Safeguarding requires workers to use child-centred and person-centred practice in their work. By doing so, they demonstrate respect for:
Mae'n rhaid i ddarparwyr iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol sicrhau bod eu staff yn defnyddio arfer diogel a'u helpu i wella eu perfformiad. Mae'n rhaid iddynt hefyd gael systemau ar waith i alluogi staff i nodi unrhyw adnoddau annigonol neu anawsterau gweithredol a allai effeithio ar ddarparu gofal diogel.
Mae'r tebygolrwydd o gamdriniaeth yn cael ei leihau drwy weithio gyda gwerthoedd sy'n canolbwyntio ar yr unigolyn, hyrwyddo dewis a hawliau ac annog cyfranogiad gweithredol. Mae unrhyw beth arall yn cael ei ystyried fel arfer gwael ac yn cyfateb i gamdriniaeth.
Mae diogelu yn ei wneud yn ofynnol i weithwyr ddefnyddio arferion sy'n canolbwyntio ar y plentyn ac sy'n canolbwyntio ar yr unigolyn yn eu gwaith. Trwy wneud hynny, maent yn arddangos parch at:
The Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014 defines “Advocacy services” as services which provide assistance (by way of representation or otherwise) to persons for purposes relating to their care and support.
Advocacy supports and enables individuals who have difficulty representing their interests to exercise their rights, express their views, explore and make informed choices and could include:
Mae Deddf Gwasanaethau Cymdeithasol a Llesiant (Cymru) 2014 yn diffinio "Gwasanaethau eirioli" fel gwasanaethau sy’n darparu cymorth (ar ffurf cynrychiolaeth neu fel arall) i bersonau at ddibenion sy’n ymwneud â’u gofal a chymorth.
Mae eiriolaeth yn cefnogi ac yn galluogi unigolion sy'n ei chael yn anodd cynrychioli eu diddordeb i arfer eu hawliau, mynegi eu barn, archwilio a gwneud dewisiadau gwybodus a gallai gynnwys:
Rapport means getting on well with another person or group of individuals. Having things in common makes the communication process easier and usually more effective. In a health and social care setting this is vital to promoting trust and encouraging open and honest communication. This reduces the risk of harm or abuse because individuals feel confident and able to tell others about their concerns or anxieties, or about actual incidents that have taken place.
Establishing relationships based on trust and rapport will often make the outcome of the conversation or interaction more positive and open. However stressful or nervous the worker, child or young person may feel, the first thing they need to do is to try to relax and remain calm. By decreasing the tension in the situation, communication becomes easier and rapport grows.
It may be that the child, young person needs to tell the worker something very important, something they do not want to share with anyone else. Trust and rapport can support this information exchange. However, it is vital that confidentiality is not promised in all situations. There may be times when the worker needs to pass information on in line with the safeguarding requirements.
Mae cydberthynas yn golygu dod ymlaen yn dda gyda pherson arall, neu grŵp o unigolion. Mae bod â phethau'n gyffredin yn gwneud y broses gyfathrebu'n haws ac fel arfer yn fwy effeithiol. Mewn lleoliad iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol mae hyn yn hanfodol i hybu ymddiriedaeth ac annog cyfathrebu agored a gonest. Mae hyn yn lleihau'r perygl o niwed neu gamdriniaeth oherwydd bod unigolion yn teimlo'n hyderus i ddweud wrth eraill am eu pryderon neu'r hyn sy'n eu poeni nhw, neu am rhywbeth sydd wedi digwydd.
Yn aml, bydd meithrin perthnasoedd sy'n seiliedig ar ymddiriedaeth a chydberthynas yn gwneud canlyniad y sgwrs neu ryngweithio yn fwy cadarnhaol ac agored. Waeth pa mor nerfus neu o dan straen maen gweithiwr, plentyn, person ifanc neu oedolyn yn teimlo, y peth cyntaf mae angen iddyn nhw ei wneud yw ceisio ymlacio a pheidio cyffroi. Drwy leihau'r tensiwn yn y sefyllfa, mae cyfathrebu'n dod yn haws ac mae cydberthynas yn tyfu.
Efallai bod y plentyn, person ifanc neu’r oedolyn angen dweud rhywbeth pwysig iawn wrth y gweithiwr, rhywbeth nad ydyn nhw eisiau ei rannu ag unrhyw un arall. Gall ymddiriedaeth a chydberthynas gefnogi'r broses hon o gyfnewid gwybodaeth. Fodd bynnag, mae'n hanfodol nad yw cyfrinachedd yn cael ei addo ym mhob sefyllfa. Efallai y bydd adegau pan fydd angen i’r gweithiwr drosglwyddo gwybodaeth sydd yn cyd-fynd â’r gofynion diogelu.
Person/chid centred practice involves service delivery that places individuals at the centre of all aspects of service planning, policy and practice. For example, social care workers are expected to treat each person as an individual, respect and promote their individual views and wishes and support their right to control their lives and make informed choices.
Child-centred practice and person-centred practice is a way of providing health and social care that is centred around the child, young person or adult, and not just their health or care needs. Person-centred or child-centred practice supports a rights-based approach where the individual is the centre of their care and support, so they must be consulted, and their view must always come first. This enables their views to be at the centre of every decision made, ensuring their safety and well-being.
Mae arferion person/plentyn ganolog yn cynnwys darparu gwasanaeth sy'n rhoi unigolion wrth wraidd yr holl agweddau ar gynllunio gwasanaeth, polisi ac arfer. Er enghraifft, disgwylir i weithwyr gofal cymdeithasol drin bob person fel unigolyn, parchu a hyrwyddo eu safbwyntiau a'u dymuniadau unigol a chefnogi eu hawl i reoli eu bywydau a gwneud dewisiadau gwybodus.
Mae arferion sy'n canolbwyntio ar y plentyn ac sy'n canolbwyntio ar yr unigolyn yn ffordd o ddarparu iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol sy'n canolbwyntio ar y plentyn, y person ifanc neu'r oedolyn, ac nid ar eu hanghenion iechyd neu ofal yn unig. Mae arferion sy'n canolbwyntio ar yr unigolyn neu ar y plentyn yn cefnogi ymagwedd sy'n seiliedig ar hawliau lle mai'r unigolyn yw canolbwynt eu gofal a'u cymorth, felly mae'n rhaid ymgynghori ag ef/â hi, a rhaid i'w barn ddod yn gyntaf bob amser. Mae hyn yn golygu bod eu barn yng nghanol pob penderfyniad a wneir, gan sicrhau eu diogelwch a'u lles.
Workers may be supporting children, young people or adults who are identified to be at risk. The quality of care and support that can be provided will be improved if workers have knowledge of the whole person, not just the current circumstances: for example, knowledge can help to understand why a child, young person or adult behaves in the way they do.
A personal plan, based on a child- centred or person-centred approach, will help in understanding some of this. The personal planning process is an important aspect of safeguarding because it enables discussions to take place in relation to what outcomes an individual wants to achieve, whilst identifying potential risks or dangers to enable them to keep themselves safe from harm, abuse or neglect.
Efallai fod gweithwyr yn cefnogi plant, pobl ifanc neu oedolion y nodir eu bod mewn perygl. Fe gaiff ansawdd y gofal a chymorth y gellir eu darparu ei wella os oes gan weithwyr wybodaeth am yr unigolyn cyfan, nid yr amgylchiadau presennol yn unig: er enghraifft, gall gwybodaeth helpu i ddeall pam mae plentyn, person ifanc neu oedolyn yn ymddwyn fel y mae'n ei wneud.
Bydd cynllun personol, wedi'i seilio ar ymagwedd sy'n canolbwyntio ar y plentyn neu ar y person, yn helpu o ran deall rhywfaint o hyn. Mae'r broses gynllunio bersonol yn agwedd bwysig ar ddiogelu oherwydd ei bod yn galluogi trafodaethau i ddigwydd mewn cysylltiad â pha ganlyniadau y mae unigolyn am eu cyflawni, wrth nodi risgiau neu beryglon posibl i'w alluogi i'w gadw ei hun yn ddiogel rhag niwed, camdriniaeth neu esgeulustod.
A health and social care worker, should always be working in such a way to promote choice and rights, and encourage children and young people’s active participation in line with the United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). It is important to build a trusting relationship with the child or young person in order for them to feel safe to express any concerns with you. A trusting relationship also allows to understanding the child and young person’s behaviour, what is normal and what is abnormal, allowing observation and managing any changes effectively and where necessary, to enact the Wales Safeguarding Procedures.
Dylai gweithiwr iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol, bob amser fod yn gweithio yn y fath fodd i hyrwyddo dewis a hawliau, ac annog plant a phobl ifanc i gymryd rhan weithredol yn unol â Chonfensiynau'r Cenhedloedd Unedig ar Hawliau'r Plentyn (UNCRC). Mae’n bwysig meithrin perthynas ble gall y plentyn neu’r person ifanc ymddiried yn y gweithiwr er mwyn iddyn nhw deimlo’n ddiogel i fynegi unrhyw bryderon sydd ganddynt. Mae perthynas fel hyn hefyd yn caniatáu mwy o ddeallusrwydd o ymddygiad y plentyn a’r person ifanc, beth sy’n normal a beth sydd ddim, gan eich galluogi i arsylwi a rheoli unrhyw newidiadau yn effeithiol a lle bo angen, deddfu Gweithdrefnau Diogelu Cymru.
Supporting individuals to identify and assess their own risks, enabling them to take the risks they choose, is a major part of person-centred care.
A rights-based approach to assessing risk is an important part of child-centred and person-centred practice because it empowers the individual to take control, doing what they can to prevent themselves from being harmed or injured and agreeing the care and support that they need. For example, if an individual wants to go to the bathroom on their own but has mobility problems and is also feeling weak due to being unwell, a risk assessment that balances risks with rights would be used to ensure they have the mobility equipment they need and that they have a way of calling for help if they get into difficulty. Being in control increases their self-confidence. As confidence grows, they are more likely to be open about reporting anything they are unhappy about. As a result, the risk of them not reporting harm, abuse or neglect is reduced.
Mae cefnogi unigolion i nodi ac asesu eu risgiau eu hunain, gan eu galluogi i gymryd y risgiau maen nhw'n dewis eu cymryd, yn rhan fawr o ofal person ganolog.
Mae dull gweithredu sy’n seiliedig ar hawliau er mwyn asesu risg yn rhan bwysig o ddulliau ymarfer plentyn a person ganolog oherwydd mae'n grymuso'r unigolyn i gymryd rheolaeth dros eu gofal, gwneud beth y gallant i atal eu hunain rhag cael eu niweidio neu eu hanafu a chytuno ar y gofal a'r cymorth maen nhw eu hangen. Er enghraifft, os yw unigolyn yn dymuno mynd i'r ystafell ymolchi ar eu pen eu hunain ond bod ganddynt broblemau symudedd a'u bod nhw hefyd yn teimlo'n wan am nad ydynt yn dda, byddai asesiad risg yn cael ei ddefnyddio i sicrhau bod ganddynt yr offer symudedd maen nhw eu hangen a bod ganddyn nhw ffordd o alw am gymorth os ydyn nhw'n mynd i anhawster. Mae bod mewn rheolaeth yn cynyddu hunanhyder. Wrth i hyder dyfu, maen nhw'n fwy tebygol o fod yn agored am roi gwybod am unrhyw beth maen nhw'n anhapus amdano. O ganlyniad, mae'r risg o’r unigolyn yn rhoi gwybod am gam-drin ac esgeulustod yn lleihau.
To promote safeguarding, health and social care workers should make individuals aware of the risks associated with the use of social media, internet use and phones. This should include information about what the risks are, who might harm them and how, and agree how they are able to stay safe on-line.
Using mobile phones can create risk through the sharing of phone numbers. Stress that meeting up with individuals they know online or by phone can be dangerous and that they should only do so after further discussion, in a safe place and/or with others present.
Communicating the risks must be done at the individual’s preferred level and pace, using terminology they understand.
Er mwyn hyrwyddo diogelu, dylai gweithwyr iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol wneud unigolion yn ymwybodol o’r risgiau sy’n gysylltiedig â defnyddio’r cyfryngau cymdeithasol, y we a ffonau. Dylai hyn gynnwys gwybodaeth ynghylch beth yw’r risgiau, pwy allai eu niweidio a sut, a chytuno sut y gallent aros yn ddiogel ar-lein.
Gall defnyddio ffonau symudol greu risg drwy rannu rhifau ffôn. Pwysleisiwch y gallai cyfarfod unigolion maen nhw'n eu hadnabod ar-lein neu dros y ffôn fod yn beryglus ac y dylent wneud hynny ar ôl trafod ymhellach yn unig, mewn man diogel a/neu gydag eraill yn bresennol.
Mae'n rhaid cyfathrebu'r risgiau ar lefel a chyflymder o ddewis yr unigolyn, gan ddefnyddio terminoleg maen nhw'n ei deall.
In health and social care settings, effective work relationships are based on professionalism and principles of care, which require workers to respect and promote the rights of everyone with whom they work. This includes team members, colleagues, other professionals, the individuals who need care and support and everyone who is important to them, for example their families, friends and advocates. The workers have responsibilities to the individuals to make sure that they are provided with both care and support.
They must make sure that their safety and welfare is protected by ensuring that their personal plan is followed and carried out in agreed, safe ways. The care and support that they receive should meet their needs by involving them and their carer or support network during planning, review and delivery. Treating individuals fairly is important so that their rights are upheld by working in ways that promote equality and diversity and uphold their dignity and human rights.
Reporting poor or unsafe practice also helps prevent harm, abuse or neglect. This allows lessons to be learnt through thinking about and agreeing what went wrong.
Mewn lleoliadau iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol, mae perthnasoedd gwaith effeithiol yn seiliedig ar broffesiynoldeb ac egwyddorion gofal, sy'n ei gwneud yn ofynnol i'r gweithwyr barchu a hyrwyddo hawliau pawb maen nhw'n gweithio gyda nhw. Mae hyn yn cynnwys aelodau o'r tîm, cydweithwyr, gweithwyr proffesiynol eraill, yr unigolion sydd angen gofal a chymorth a phawb sy'n bwysig iddyn nhw, er enghraifft eu teuluoedd, ffrindiau ac eiriolwyr. Mae gan y gweithwyr gyfrifoldebau i'r unigolion i sicrhau eu bod nhw'n derbyn gofal a chymorth.
Mae'n rhaid iddynt sicrhau bod eu diogelwch a'u lles yn cael eu hamddiffyn drwy sicrhau bod eu cynllun personol yn cael ei ddilyn a'i gyflawni mewn ffyrdd diogel, y cytunwyd arnynt. Dylai'r gofal a’r cymorth maen nhw'n ei dderbyn fodloni eu hanghenion drwy eu cynnwys nhw a'u gofalwr neu eu rhwydwaith cymorth yn ystod cynllunio, adolygu a darparu. Mae trin yr unigolion yn deg yn bwysig fel bod eu hawliau yn cael eu cynnal drwy weithio mewn ffyrdd sy'n hybu cydraddoldeb ac amrywiaeth ac yn cynnal eu hurddas a'u hawliau dynol.
Mae adrodd am arfer gwael neu anniogel hefyd yn helpu i atal, niwed, camdriniaeth ac esgeulustod. Mae hyn yn galluogi dysgu gwersi drwy feddwl am a chytuno ar yr hyn aeth o'i le.