Health and social care to support outcome-focused provision for person-centred care Iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol mewn perthynas â chefnogi darpariaeth sy'n canolbwyntio ar ganlyniadau ar gyfer gofal person-ganolog
The roles and responsibilities of workers in the health and social care sector – Roles and responsibilities in healthcare – Part 2 Rolau a chyfrifoldebau gweithwyr yn y sector iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol – Rolau a chyfrifoldebau ym maes gofal iechyd – Rhan 2

Roles in healthcare management include clerical manager, finance manager and practice manager.

Clerical managers are part of the wider healthcare team, supporting clinical staff such as surgeons, GPs, nurses and other health professionals. They work throughout the NHS and other areas of healthcare, in clinical and non-clinical areas, such as hospital wards and central stores.

Finance managers are responsible for the maintenance of effective financial management systems and policies in healthcare settings. Their role can include contract reviews, financial reporting and analysis, budgeting and compensation evaluation.

Practice managers work in primary care, where they manage the overall running of general practices (GP surgeries). They work where individuals often have their first and most frequent point of contact with the NHS.

Mae rolau ym maes rheoli gofal iechyd yn cynnwys rheolwr clerigol, rheolwr cyllid a rheolwr practis.

Mae rheolwyr clerigol yn rhan o'r tîm gofal iechyd ehangach, gan gefnogi staff clinigol, megis llawfeddygon, meddygon teulu, nyrsys a gweithwyr proffesiynol eraill. Maen nhw'n gweithio ym mhob rhan o'r GIG a meysydd eraill gofal iechyd, mewn meysydd clinigol a meysydd nad ydynt yn glinigol, megis wardiau ysbytai a storfeydd canolog.

Mae rheolwyr cyllid yn gyfrifol am gynnal a chadw systemau a pholisïau rheoli cyllid effeithiol mewn lleoliadau gofal iechyd. Gall eu rôl gynnwys adolygu contractau, llunio adroddiadau a dadansoddiadau ariannol, cyllido a gwerthuso iawndal.

Mae rheolwyr practis yn gweithio mewn gofal sylfaenol, lle maen nhw'n rheoli rhedeg practisiau meddygol cyffredinol (meddygfeydd GP). Maen nhw'n gweithio lle mae unigolion yn aml yn dod i gyswllt gyda'r GIG amlaf ac am y tro cyntaf.

Medical associate professions include physician associates and surgical care practitioners.

Physician associates support doctors in the diagnosis and management of individuals.

Physician associates might work in a GP surgery or be based in a hospital but will have direct contact with individuals.

Surgical care practitioners provide care in an operating theatre, on wards and in clinics. They are trained to undertake some surgical procedures under appropriate supervision and within their allowed scope of practice. They are directly responsible to the consultant surgeon.

Mae proffesiynau cyswllt meddygol yn cynnwys cysylltiau meddygon ac ymarferwyr gofal llawfeddygol.

Mae cysylltiau meddygon yn cefnogi meddygon wrth wneud diagnosis a rheoli unigolion.

Gall cysylltiau meddygon weithio mewn meddygaeth teulu neu gallan nhw fod wedi'u lleoli mewn ysbyty ond byddan nhw'n cael cyswllt uniongyrchol ag unigolion.

Mae ymarferwyr gofal llawfeddygol yn darparu gofal mewn theatr llawdriniaeth, ar wardiau ac mewn clinigau. Cânt eu hyfforddi i ymgymryd â rhai triniaethau llawfeddygol dan oruchwyliaeth priodol ac o fewn eu cwmpas ymarfer a ganiateir. Maen nhw'n uniongyrchol atebol i'r llawfeddyg ymgynghorol.

Roles in pharmacy include pharmacists, pharmacy assistants and pharmacy technicians.

Pharmacists are experts in medicines and their use. They also offer health advice to individuals on issues such as sexual health and giving up smoking. Pharmacists work as part of healthcare teams in hospitals or community pharmacies. Some work in retail pharmacies in supermarkets or on the high street, or for other employers that provide NHS services.

Pharmacy assistants help pharmacists order, prepare and dispense medicines.

Pharmacy technicians manage the supply of medicines in a community pharmacy and assist pharmacists with advisory services. In hospitals, they do more specialised work such as manufacturing or preparing complex medicines.

Mae rolau ym maes fferylliaeth yn cynnwys fferyllwyr, cynorthwywyr fferyllfa a thechnegwyr fferyllfa.

Mae fferyllwyr yn arbenigwyr mewn meddyginiaethau a'u defnydd. Maen nhw hefyd yn cynnig cyngor iechyd i unigolion ar faterion megis iechyd rhywiol a rhoi'r gorau i ysmygu. Mae fferyllwyr yn gweithio'n rhan o dimau gofal iechyd mewn ysbytai neu fferyllfeydd cymunedol. Mae rhai yn gweithio mewn fferyllfeydd adwerthu mewn archfarchnadoedd neu ar y stryd fawr, neu i gyflogwyr eraill sy'n darparu gwasanaethau GIG.

Mae cynorthwywyr fferyllfa yn archebu, paratoi a dosbarthu meddyginiaethau.

Technegwyr fferyllfeydd sy'n rheoli'r cyflenwad o feddyginiaethau mewn fferyllfa gymunedol ac yn cynorthwyo fferyllwyr gyda gwasanaethau cynghori. Mewn ysbytai, maen nhw'n gwneud gwaith mwy arbenigol fel gweithgynhyrchu neu baratoi meddyginiaethau cymhleth.

Psychological therapy roles include counsellor, psychotherapist, psychologist.

Counsellors work with individuals who are experiencing personal difficulties to help them overcome their problems and to make appropriate changes to their lives. This could relate to illness, changes to their way or life or mental health problems. Confidentiality is key, as with all roles in health and social care.

Psychotherapists help individuals to overcome stress, emotional and relationship problems or troublesome habits. Treatment usually begins with an assessment which takes place over a number of sessions between the psychotherapist and the patient. These could be one or two detailed interviews, or a series of shorter discussions and further meetings are then arranged.

Psychologists deal with a wide range of mental and physical health problems including addiction, anxiety, depression, learning difficulties and relationship issues. Psychology is the study of how individuals think and behave - it is a combination of science and practice. Using direct observation, interviews and techniques such as psychometric testing, psychologists can assess an individual’s care and support needs.

Mae rolau therapi seicolegol yn cynnwys cwnselydd, seicotherapydd, seicolegydd.

Mae cwnselwyr yn gweithio ag unigolion sy'n cael anawsterau personol, er mwyn eu helpu i oresgyn eu problemau ac i wneud newidiadau priodol i'w bywydau. Gallai hyn ymwneud â salwch, newidiadau i'w ffordd o fyw neu broblemau iechyd meddwl. Mae cyfrinachedd yn allweddol, fel ym mhob rôl ym maes iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol.

Mae seicotherapyddion yn helpu unigolion i oresgyn straen, problemau emosiynol a pherthnasoedd neu arferion trafferthus. Fel arfer, mae triniaethau'n dechrau gydag asesiad, sy'n digwydd dros nifer o sesiynau rhwng y seicotherapydd a'r claf. Gallai'r rhain fod yn un neu ddau gyfweliad manwl, neu'n gyfres o drafodaethau byrrach ac yna caiff cyfarfodydd pellach eu trefnu.

Mae seicolegwyr yn ymdrin ag amrywiaeth eang o broblemau iechyd meddwl a chorfforol yn cynnwys caethiwed, gorbryder, iselder, anawsterau dysgu a phroblemau perthynas. Seicoleg yw'r astudiaeth o sut mae unigolion yn meddwl ac ymddwyn – mae'n gyfuniad o wyddoniaeth ac arfer. Trwy ddefnyddio arsylwi uniongyrchol, cyfweliadau a thechnegau megis profi seicometrig, gall seicolegwyr asesu anghenion gofal a chymorth unigolyn.

Public health roles include health visitors, occupational health nurses and school nurses.

Health visitors are nurses or midwives whose key role is promoting healthy lifestyles and preventing illness. They work with families to give pre-school age children the best possible start in life.

Occupational health nurses are leaders of public health and care in the workplace. They specialise in the care and well-being of individuals at work.

School nurses are qualified and registered nurses or midwives, many of whom have chosen to gain additional experience, training and qualifications to become specialist community public health nurses. Their additional training in public health helps them to support children and young individuals in making healthy lifestyle choices, enabling them to reach their full potential and enjoy life.

Mae rolau iechyd y cyhoedd yn cynnwys ymwelwyr iechyd, nyrsys iechyd galwedigaethol a nyrsys ysgolion.

Ymwelwyr iechyd yw nyrsys neu fydwragedd a'u rôl allweddol yw hyrwyddo ffyrdd iach o fyw ac atal afiechyd. Maen nhw'n gweithio gyda theuluoedd i roi'r dechrau gorau posibl mewn bywyd i blant dan oed ysgol.

Nyrsys iechyd galwedigaethol yw arweinwyr iechyd a gofal y cyhoedd yn y gweithle. Maen nhw'n arbenigo mewn gofal a llesiant unigolion yn y gwaith.

Mae nyrsys ysgol yn nyrsys neu fydwragedd cymwysedig a chofrestredig, ac mae llawer ohonyn nhw wedi dewis ennill profiad, hyfforddiant a chymwysterau ychwanegol i ddod yn nyrsys iechyd y cyhoedd cymunedol arbenigol. Mae eu hyfforddiant ychwanegol ym maes iechyd y cyhoedd yn eu helpu i gefnogi plant ac unigolion ifanc wrth wneud dewisiadau o ran byw'n iach, gan eu galluogi i gyflawni eu potensial yn llawn ac i fwynhau bywyd.

Roles in the wider healthcare team include security staff, window cleaners and porters.

Security staff make sure that hospitals and other NHS sites are accessible and safe for individuals, visitors and staff. They also protect buildings and valuable equipment.

Window cleaners ensure that all windows are clean and repaired and work as part of the estates team. It is important that NHS buildings are kept clean both inside and out. This ensures that buildings are safe places to treat individuals and pleasant places for individuals, staff and visitors to be in.

Porters move people and items around a hospital site. They are often part of the portering services team within an estates department and will have contact with clinical and non-clinical staff.

Mae rolau yn y tîm gofal iechyd ehangach yn cynnwys staff diogelwch, glanhawyr ffenestri a phorthorion.

Mae staff diogelwch yn sicrhau bod ysbytai a safleoedd eraill y GIG yn hygyrch a diogel ar gyfer unigolion, ymwelwyr a staff. Maen nhw hefyd yn amddiffyn offer gwerthfawr.

Mae glanhawyr ffenestri yn sicrhau bod yr holl ffenestri yn lân ac wedi'u hatgyweirio ac maen nhw'n gweithio yn rhan o'r tîm ystadau. Mae'n bwysig bod adeiladau'r GIG yn cael eu cadw'n lân y tu mewn a thu allan. Mae hyn yn sicrhau bod adeiladau yn fannau diogel i drin unigolion ac yn fannau dymunol i unigolion, staff ac ymwelwyr fod ynddyn nhw.

Mae porthorion yn symud pobl ac eitemau o amgylch safle ysbyty. Yn aml maen nhw'n rhan o'r tîm gwasanaethau porthorion mewn adran ystadau a byddan nhw'n dod i gyswllt â staff clinigol a staff nad ydynt yn glinigol.

Working in health and working in social care

Many staff now work in roles that cover both health and social care, and the values and qualities needed are very similar. The Government has identified the need for the health and social care sectors to develop new ways of working so they can share knowledge and resources, promote health and well-being, and provide care to meet the needs of individuals. These new ways of working include:

• providing skills training for health staff so they can assess mental health well-being
• training for physiotherapists so they can undertake dementia assessments
• increasing the competencies of care home staff so they can support clinical and non-clinical professionals.

Gweithio ym maes iechyd a gweithio ym maes gofal iechyd

Erbyn hyn mae llawer o staff yn gweithio mewn rolau sy'n ymdrin â gofal iechyd a chymdeithasol, ac mae'r gwerthoedd a'r rhinweddau angenrheidiol yn debyg iawn. Mae'r Llywodraeth wedi nodi'r angen i sectorau iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol ddatblygu ffyrdd newydd o weithio fel eu bod yn gallu rhannu gwybodaeth ac adnoddau, hyrwyddo iechyd a llesiant, a darparu gofal i fodloni anghenion unigolion. Mae'r ffyrdd newydd hyn o weithio yn cynnwys:

• darparu hyfforddiant sgiliau ar gyfer staff iechyd fel eu bod yn gallu asesu llesiant iechyd meddwl
• hyfforddiant ar gyfer ffisiotherapyddion fel eu bod yn gallu cyflawni asesiadau dementia
• cynyddu cymwyseddau staff gofal cartref fel y gallant gefnogi gweithwyr proffesiynol clinigol a gweithwyr nad ydynt yn glinigol.