The adolescent period can involve a rapid change in emotions for young people. One minute they could be happy and the next angry, emotional or sad as young people learn to cope with new and unfamiliar situations. The reason for this emotional turmoil is due to the hormonal changes associated with puberty and development.
These emotional changes can affect education, friendships and relationships with parents as they strive for more independence. Adolescents are more inclined to take risks whilst parents become more focused on their safety. This can lead to rebellious behaviour and defiance from the adolescent, thus making relationships more difficult.
Social development is centred on “Secondary Socialisation” which occurs during school and adolescent years and happens through non-family influence. It is when adolescents begin to develop their own values and beliefs without the influence of their family.
Young people during adolescence also start to develop relationships with a partner and sexual emotions can distract from their education and other activities, adding to the conflict with parents.
Adolescents may think they are constantly being watched, which can make them over concerned with their appearance. Their bodily changes make them self-conscious and may cause some to strive for the perfect body.
The adolescent period is very important for the development of a positive self-esteem, self-concept, self-image and self-confidence. All the physical changes along with the emotional turmoil and changes in relationships can influence these areas in either a positive or negative way.
Gall y cyfnod llencyndod arwain at newid sydyn mewn emosiynau i bobl ifanc. Un funud, gallen nhw fod yn hapus a'r funud nesaf gallen nhw fod yn ddig, yn emosiynol neu'n drist wrth i bobl ifanc ddysgu i ymdopi â sefyllfaoedd newydd ac anghyfarwydd. Mae'r cythrwfl emosiynol hwn yn deillio o'r newidiadau hormonaidd sy'n gysylltiedig â'r glasoed a datblygiad.
Gall y newidiadau emosiynol hyn effeithio ar addysg, cyfeillgarwch a pherthnasoedd â rhieni wrth iddyn nhw anelu at ddod yn fwy annibynnol. Mae pobl ifanc yn ystod llencyndod yn fwy tueddol o fentro a bydd rhieni yn canolbwyntio mwy ar eu diogelwch. Gall hyn arwain at ymddygiad gwrthryfelgar ac anufudd-dod gan y person ifanc, gan wneud y perthnasoedd hyd yn oed yn fwy anodd.
Mae datblygiad cymdeithasol yn seiliedig ar "Gymdeithasoli Eilaidd" sy'n digwydd yn ystod blynyddoedd ysgol a'r glasoed, lle nad yw'r teulu yn dylanwadu arno. Dyma pryd y bydd pobl ifanc yn dechrau datblygu eu gwerthoedd a'u credoau eu hunain heb ddylanwad eu teulu.
Mae pobl ifanc yn ystod llencyndod hefyd yn dechrau meithrin perthnasoedd â phartner a gall emosiynau rhywiol darfu ar eu haddysg a gweithgareddau eraill, gan ychwanegu at yr achosion o wrthdaro â rhieni.
Gall pobl ifanc deimlo eu bod yn cael eu gwylio'n gyson, a all wneud iddyn nhw bryderu'n ormodol am eu hymddangosiad. Mae'r newidiadau i'w corff yn eu gwneud yn hunanymwybodol a gall achosi i rai ohonyn nhw anelu at y corff perffaith.
Mae cyfnod y glasoed yn bwysig iawn o ran datblygu hunan-barch, hunangysyniad, hunanddelwedd a hunanhyder cadarnhaol. Gall yr holl newidiadau corfforol, ynghyd â'r cythrwfl emosiynol a newidiadau o ran perthnasoedd, ddylanwadu ar y meysydd hyn, a hynny naill ai mewn ffordd gadarnhaol neu mewn ffordd negyddol.
Research a definition of each of the following:
Ymchwiliwch i ddiffiniad ar gyfer pob un o'r canlynol:
| QuestionCwestiwn | Your ResponseEich Ymateb | Suggested AnswerYmateb Awgrymedig |
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Although all of the above are very similar and generally linked, they are all slightly different in their definitions. Er bod yr uchod oll yn debyg ac yn gyffredinol bod cysylltiadau rhyngddyn nhw, mae'r diffiniadau ar eu cyfer i gyd ychydig yn wahanol.
Self-esteem is how a person thinks of themselves.
People with a high self-esteem:
People with low self-esteem may:
Feeling good about oneself and having a raised self-esteem is very important for the building of confidence, particularly during the adolescent period.
Friendships and relationships with others have the ability to impact on how adolescents feel about themselves, and these relationships can have either a positive or negative effect on self-esteem, self-concept, self-image and inevitably self-confidence.
Hunan-barch yw’r ffordd mae rhywun yn meddwl amdano ef ei hun.
Mae pobl â hunan-barch uchel:
Efallai bod pobl â hunan-barch isel:
Mae teimlo'n dda amdanoch eich hun a lefel uchel o hunan-barch yn bwysig iawn er mwyn meithrin hyder, yn enwedig yn ystod cyfnod y glasoed.
Gall cyfeillgarwch a pherthnasoedd ag eraill effeithio ar y ffordd y mae pobl ifanc yn teimlo amdanyn nhw eu hunain, a gall y perthnasoedd hyn gael effaith gadarnhaol neu effaith negyddol ar hunan-barch, hunangysyniad, hunanddelwedd ac yn anochel, hunanhyder.
Read these scenarios and consider if they would have a positive or negative effect on the individual.
Darllenwch y senarios hyn ac ystyriwch a fyddent yn cael effaith gadarnhaol neu negyddol ar yr unigolyn.
Penalty total: Cyfanswm cosbau:
Your time: Eich amser: 00:00:00
The current record is: Yr amser gorau: 00:00:00
Well done! Da iawn!
You've set a new record! Record newydd!
Your time: Eich amser: 00:00:00
Total time penalty: Cyfanswm amser cosb: 00:00:00
The correct answers were: Yr atebion cywir:
Self-confident people trust in themselves and their abilities. They may be self-confident in certain areas of their life, but insecure in others. For instance, they may struggle with sports, but they may have self-confidence in their mathematical abilities.
Self-confidence and self-esteem do not necessarily go hand in hand. For instance, a musician may feel self-confident when performing in front of thousands of people, but because of low self-esteem, may harm themselves with drugs and alcohol.
Mae pobl hunanhyderus yn ymddiried ynddyn nhw eu hunain a’u galluoedd. Gallan nhw fod yn hunanhyderus mewn rhai agweddau ar eu bywyd, ond yn ansicr mewn eraill. Er enghraifft, efallai y byddan nhw'n cael trafferth â chwaraeon, ond efallai y byddan nhw’n hunanhyderus o ran eu galluoedd mathemategol.
Nid yw hunanhyder a hunan-barch yn mynd law yn llaw o reidrwydd. Er enghraifft, gall cerddor deimlo’n hunanhyderus wrth berfformio o flaen miloedd o bobl, ond oherwydd hunan-barch isel, gall fod yn ei niweidio’i hun â chyffuriau ac alcohol.
Cadi is 14 years old. Cadi is nearing the stages of puberty, but her best friend Susan already has. Susan has started to develop breasts and menstruating. Cadi has recently received some comments on social media about her lack of development. Mae Cadi yn 14 oed. Mae Cadi yn agosáu at gyfnod y glasoed, ond mae ei ffrind gorau Susan eisoes wedi cyrraedd y cyfnod hwnnw. Mae Susan wedi dechrau datblygu bronnau ac wedi dechrau ei mislif. Yn ddiweddar, cafodd Cadi rai sylwadau ar y cyfryngau cymdeithasol am ei diffyg datblygiad.
Briefly explain how Cadi may be feeling.
Yn gryno, esboniwch sut y gallai Cadi fod yn teimlo.
Cadi may feel less secure because she is not developing at the same rate as her friend.
Cadi may feel less likely to develop relationships as she has a negative self-image and is lacking in self-belief. This is because she may believe that she is not as attractive as Susan.
Efallai bod Cadi yn teimlo'n llai sicr ynddi'i hun gan nad yw'n datblygu ar yr un gyfradd â'i ffrind.
Efallai bod Cadi yn teimlo ei bod yn llai tebygol o feithrin perthnasoedd gan fod ganddi hunanddelwedd negyddol ac nad oes ganddi hunan-gred. Mae hyn am ei bod o bosibl yn credu nad yw mor ddeniadol â Susan.
Briefly explain how Susan may be feeling.
Yn gryno, esboniwch sut y gall Susan fod yn teimlo.
Susan may feel happy about her personal appearance.
Susan might be receiving some good comments on social media and, as a result, respects and values herself.
Susan could compare herself more favourably to Cadi and may feel more secure.
Efallai bod Susan yn teimlo'n hapus am ei hymddangosiad personol.
Efallai bod Susan yn cael rhai sylwadau da ar y cyfryngau cymdeithasol ac, o ganlyniad, ei bod yn parchu ac yn gwerthfawrogi ei hun.
Gallai Susan fod yn cymharu ei hun yn fwy ffafriol na Cadi a gallai deimlo'n fwy sicr ynddi'i hun.
Identify some emotional effects of adolescence on young people aged between 13-19. Remember, these could be positive or negative. Drag the words to the correct spaces.
Nodwch rai effeithiau emosiynol llencyndod ar bobl ifanc rhwng 13 ac 19 oed. Cofiwch, gallen nhw fod yn gadarnhaol neu'n negyddol. Llusgwch y geiriau i'r bylchau cywir.
They are likely to be experiencing puberty, therefore will be going through hormone changes that cause mood swings, so as a result are unlikely to cope with emotions.
The physical changes that are happening during puberty can result in individuals being less confident in their appearance. If they are happy with the changes, they are likely to feel confident and, as a result, have a higher self-esteem.
Adolescents are likely to be going through their GCSE/A-Levels so their confidence in their own ability may be increased or reduced and this may positively or negatively affect their self-esteem.
They are likely to be experiencing puberty, therefore will be going through hormone changes that cause mood swings, so as a result are unlikely to cope with emotions.
The physical changes that are happening during puberty can result in individuals being less confident in their appearance. If they are happy with the changes, they are likely to feel confident and, as a result, have a higher self-esteem.
Adolescents are likely to be going through their GCSE/A-Levels so their confidence in their own ability may be increased or reduced and this may positively or negatively affect their self-esteem.
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Maen nhw'n debygol o fod yn profi'r glasoed, felly byddan nhw'n wynebu newidiadau hormonaidd sy'n achosi newid sydyn mewn hwyliau, felly o ganlyniad, mae'n debygol na fyddan nhw'n gallu ymdopi ag emosiynau.
Gall y newidiadau corfforol sy'n digwydd yn ystod y glasoed olygu y bydd unigolion yn llai hyderus o ran eu hymddangosiad. Os ydyn nhw'n fodlon â'r newidiadau, maen nhw'n debygol o deimlo'n hyderus ac, o ganlyniad, bydd ganddyn nhw lefel uwch o hunan-barch.
Mae pobl ifanc yn ystod llencyndod yn debygol o fod yn astudio ar gyfer cymwysterau TGAU/Safon Uwch, felly mae'n bosibl y caiff eu hyder yn eu gallu eu hunain ei gynyddu neu ei leihau a gall hyn gael effaith gadarnhaol neu negyddol ar eu hunan-barch.
Maen nhw'n debygol o fod yn profi'r glasoed, felly byddan nhw'n wynebu newidiadau hormonaidd sy'n achosi newid sydyn mewn hwyliau, felly o ganlyniad, mae'n debygol na fyddan nhw'n gallu ymdopi ag emosiynau.
Gall y newidiadau corfforol sy'n digwydd yn ystod y glasoed olygu y bydd unigolion yn llai hyderus o ran eu hymddangosiad. Os ydyn nhw'n fodlon â'r newidiadau, maen nhw'n debygol o deimlo'n hyderus ac, o ganlyniad, bydd ganddyn nhw lefel uwch o hunan-barch.
Mae pobl ifanc yn ystod llencyndod yn debygol o fod yn astudio ar gyfer cymwysterau TGAU/Safon Uwch, felly mae'n bosibl y caiff eu hyder yn eu gallu eu hunain ei gynyddu neu ei leihau a gall hyn gael effaith gadarnhaol neu negyddol ar eu hunan-barch.
Eich sgôr yw … allan o . Symudwch rhai o'r termau o gwmpas i geisio gwella eich sgôr.
Da iawn. Eich sgôr yw … allan o .
Eich sgôr yw … allan o . Cliciwch ‘ailosod’ er mwyn rhoi cynnig arall ar y gweithgaredd.
Eich sgôr yw … allan o . Symudwch rhai o'r termau o gwmpas i geisio gwella eich sgôr
Da iawn. Eich sgôr yw … allan o .
Eich sgôr yw … allan o . Cliciwch ‘ailosod’ er mwyn rhoi cynnig arall ar y gweithgaredd.
Emotional development is based on the support and contact a person has. Self-esteem continues to develop throughout adulthood and relationships will continue to impact on this.
A balance between work and social life is important here to maintain self-esteem and cope with everyday pressures through resilience. As becoming a parent is also a possibility during adulthood, juggling bringing up a family with work and friends can increase stress.
As people progress into middle adulthood, they may find their roles change as their children may be older, are able to look after themselves or may even have children of their own, thus making them grandparents. This may be the time the middle adult starts thinking about retirement when they may have more time to do activities they enjoy.
Mae datblygiad emosiynol yn seiliedig ar y cymorth a'r cyswllt a gaiff person. Mae hunan-barch yn parhau i ddatblygu drwy gydol oedolaeth a bydd perthnasoedd yn parhau i effeithio arno.
Mae cydbwysedd rhwng gwaith a bywyd cymdeithasol yn bwysig yma er mwyn cynnal hunan-barch ac er mwyn ymdopi â phwysau cyffredin drwy wydnwch. Gan ei bod hefyd yn bosibl y bydd unigolyn yn dod yn rhiant yn ystod oedolaeth, gall cydbwyso cyfrifoldebau magu teulu â gwaith a ffrindiau gynyddu lefelau straen.
Wrth i bobl gyrraedd oedolaeth ganol, mae'n bosibl y bydd eu rolau yn newid wrth i'w plant dyfu'n hŷn, wrth iddynt allu gofalu amdanyn nhw eu hunain neu gael plant eu hunain hyd yn oed, gan felly olygu eu bod yn dod yn neiniau neu'n deidiau. Efallai mai dyma'r adeg y bydd yr oedolyn canol oed yn dechrau ystyried ymddeol, pan fydd ganddo fwy o amser i ymgymryd â'r gweithgareddau y mae'n eu mwynhau.
What do you think are the key emotional changes during adulthood for females?
Beth yw'r newidiadau emosiynol allweddol i fenywod yn ystod oedolaeth yn eich barn chi?
Miriam is 39 years old and she lives with her partner Susan. They do not currently have any children. Susan has been offered a promotion which means that the couple have to move away from family and friends. Miriam now has to leave her part time care assistant job and will be unemployed.
Identify 3 negative aspects of moving away on Miriam’s emotional development.
Mae Miriam yn 39 oed ac mae'n byw gyda'i phartner, Susan. Nid oes ganddyn nhw unrhyw blant ar hyn o bryd. Mae Susan wedi cael cynnig dyrchafiad sy'n golygu bod yn rhaid i'r cwpl symud i ffwrdd oddi wrth deulu a ffrindiau. Rhaid i Miriam bellach adael ei swydd ran amser fel cynorthwyydd gofal, a bydd yn ddi-waith.
Nodwch 3 agwedd negyddol y mae symud i ffwrdd yn eu cael ar ddatblygiad emosiynol Miriam.