Gross motor skills are large movements that involve using large muscles of the body which are required for mobility, for example, rolling over. Fine motor skills are smaller movements that require precise direction and use smaller muscles, for example, picking up a pencil.
Gross motor skills and fine motor skills are key milestones in infancy/childhood.
This is the development and control of the whole body and the larger muscles. Children need this control to be able to balance, walk and climb.
Newborn babies have very little control over their bodies, the actions they make are involuntary reflexes. As they get older, they develop more control over these actions. One child may learn to control how to walk at a different rate to another. They may learn to walk at 9 months of age, 12 months or 18 months.
Children learn to control their muscles from their head, then their shoulders, then their arms and then their legs. They also need coordination, determination and confidence to achieve the physical development milestones.
Mae sgiliau echddygol bras yn symudiadau mawr sy'n defnyddio cyhyrau mawr y corff sydd eu hangen ar gyfer symudedd, er enghraifft, rholio drosodd. Mae sgiliau echddygol manwl yn symudiadau llai lle mae angen cyfeiriad manwl, ac sy'n defnyddio cyhyrau llai, er enghraifft, codi pensil.
Mae sgiliau echddygol bras a sgiliau echddygol manwl yn gerrig milltir allweddol yn ystod babandod/plentyndod.
Dyma ddatblygiad a rheolaeth y corff cyfan a’r cyhyrau mawr. Mae angen i blant gael y rheolaeth hon er mwyn gallu cadw cydbwysedd, cerdded a dringo.
Ychydig iawn o reolaeth sydd gan fabanod newydd-anedig dros eu cyrff, atgyrchau anwirfoddol yw'r symudiadau y byddan nhw'n eu gwneud. Wrth iddyn nhw fynd yn hŷn, byddan nhw’n datblygu mwy o reolaeth dros y symudiadau hyn. Mae'n bosibl y bydd plentyn yn dysgu rheoli sut i gerdded ar wahanol gyflymder i blentyn arall. Gall ddysgu cerdded yn 9 mis oed, yn 12 mis oed neu'n 18 mis oed.
Mae plant yn dysgu rheoli cyhyrau eu pen, wedyn cyhyrau eu hysgwyddau, wedyn cyhyrau eu breichiau ac wedyn eu coesau. Hefyd mae angen sgiliau cydsymud arnyn nhw, a phenderfyniad a hyder i gyrraedd y cerrig milltir ar gyfer datblygiad corfforol.
Learning to support head
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Rolling over
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Sitting
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Crawling
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Standing
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Walking
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Running
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Hopping
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Climbing
Dysgu cynnal y pen
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Rholio drosodd
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Eistedd
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Cropian
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Sefyll
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Cerdded
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Rhedeg
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Hercian
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Dringo
This is the development and control of smaller muscles of the hands, fingers and feet, so that a child can do more delicate tasks, e.g. drawing, fastening buttons and threading beads.
Children use a variety of grips until they master the mature pincer grip at about 4 years of age.
Children learn to co-ordinate inwards to outwards. They learn to control their arms, then their hands and then their fingers.
3 months – fingers and hand play
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6 months – whole hand palmar grasp
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9 months – primitive pincer grasp
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12 months – primitive tripod grasp
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15 months – palmar grasp
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18 months – refined pincer grasp and tripod grasp
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2 years – preferred hand
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2 ½ years – improved tripod grasp
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4 years – mature pincer grasp
Ystyr hyn yw datblygiad a rheolaeth cyhyrau llai'r dwylo, y bysedd a’r traed, fel bod plentyn yn gallu gwneud tasgau mwy manwl e.e. tynnu llun, cau botymau a rhoi edau drwy gleiniau.
Bydd plant yn defnyddio sawl ffordd o afael nes iddyn nhw feistroli’r gafael pinsiwrn aeddfed pan fyddan nhw tua 4 oed.
Mae plant yn dysgu cydsymud o'r tu mewn i'r tu allan. Maen nhw'n dysgu rheoli eu breichiau, wedyn eu dwylo ac wedyn eu bysedd.
3 mis – chwarae â’r bysedd a’r dwylo
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6 mis – gafael cledrol llaw gyfan
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9 mis – gafael pinsiwrn gyntefig
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12 mis – gafael trybedd gyntefig
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15 mis – gafael cledrol
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18 mis – gafael pinsiwrn a gafael trybedd wedi'u mireinio
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2 oed – dewis llaw
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2½ oed – gafael trybedd well
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4 oed – gafael pinsiwrn aeddfed
Gross motor skills are those that require whole body movement and involve the large muscle groups, such as standing, walking, running, and sitting upright. It also includes hand-eye coordination skills, such as ball skills.
Sgiliau echddygol bras yw'r rheini lle mae angen symud y corff cyfan gan ddefnyddio'r grwpiau cyhyrau mawr, fel sefyll, cerdded, rhedeg ac eistedd ar i fyny. Maen nhw hefyd yn cynnwys sgiliau cydsymud llaw a llygad, fel sgiliau pêl.
Drag the milestones to the correct ages.
Llusgwch y cerrig milltir i’r oedrannau cywir.
Warning! This resource is not optimised for use on mobile devices.
Rhybudd! Ni ellir defnyddio’r adnodd yma ar ffonau symudol neu dabled.
Well done. You have matched them all correctly.
Da iawn. Rydych wedi paru pob un yn gywir.
Ages Oedrannau |
Milestones Cerrig milltir |
Correct answers Atebion cywir |
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Drag the milestones to the correct ages.
Llusgwch y cerrig milltir i’r oedrannau cywir.
Warning! This resource is not optimised for use on mobile devices.
Rhybudd! Ni ellir defnyddio’r adnodd yma ar ffonau symudol neu dabled.
Well done. You have matched them all correctly.
Da iawn. Rydych wedi paru pob un yn gywir.
Ages Oedrannau |
Milestones Cerrig milltir |
Correct answers Atebion cywir |
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Gross motor skills allow infants/children to control the large muscles in their torso, arms, hands and feet.
Aled is 9 months old. Can you identify two gross motor skills he may have acquired and a further two gross motor skills he may acquire in the next 9 months?
Mae sgiliau echddygol bras yn galluogi babanod/plant i reoli'r cyhyrau mawr yn eu torso, eu breichiau, eu dwylo a'u traed.
Mae Aled yn 9 mis oed. Allwch chi nodi dwy sgil echddygol bras y gall fod wedi'u caffael a dwy sgil echddygol bras arall y bydd o bosibl yn eu caffael yn ystod y 9 mis nesaf?
What is the average age that an infant would crawl?
Ar gyfartaledd, pa oedran y byddai baban yn cropian?
At around 6 months.
Oddeutu 6 mis.
What is the average age that an infant would stand and walk?
Ar gyfartaledd, pa oedran y byddai baban yn sefyll ac yn cerdded?
At around 11-13 months infants start to cruise, walk and stand.
Oddeutu 11-13 mis, mae babanod yn dechrau criwsio, cerdded a sefyll.
Aled is 9 months old. Can you identify two fine motor skills he may have acquired and two gross motor skills he may acquire in the next 9 months.
Mae Aled yn 9 mis oed. Allwch chi nodi dwy sgil echddygol manwl y gall fod wedi'u caffael a dwy sgil echddygol bras arall y bydd o bosibl yn eu caffael yn ystod y 9 mis nesaf.
By 3 months Aled may be able to hold a rattle for a short time.
By 6 months Aled may be able to grasp a toy.
By 12 months Aled may be able to pick up small objects using a pincer grasp.
By 18 months Aled can build with small blocks, use a spoon and make marks with crayons using a palmer grasp.
Erbyn 3 mis, mae'n bosibl y bydd Aled yn gallu dal ratl am gyfnod byr.
Erbyn 6 mis, mae'n bosibl y bydd Aled yn gallu gafael mewn tegan.
Erbyn 12 mis, mae'n bosibl y bydd Aled yn gallu codi gwrthrychau bach gan ddefnyddio gafael pinsiwrn.
Erbyn 18 mis, gall Aled adeiladu gan ddefnyddio blociau bach, defnyddio llwy a gwneud marciau â chreonau gan ddefnyddio gafael cledrol.
Can you identify activities that may encourage hand-eye coordination for children?
Allwch chi nodi gweithgareddau a all annog cydsymud llaw a llygad i blant?
Writing, sewing or completing jigsaw puzzles. This would help with control of eye movement at the same time as finger and hand movement.
Ysgrifennu, gwnïo neu gwblhau posau jig-so. Byddai hyn yn helpu i reoli symudiad y llygaid ar yr un pryd â symudiadau'r bysedd a'r dwylo.
Drag the gross motor skill to the correct age.
Llusgwch y sgil echddygol bras i’r oedran cywir.
Warning! This resource is not optimised for use on mobile devices.
Rhybudd! Ni ellir defnyddio’r adnodd yma ar ffonau symudol neu dabled.
Well done. You have matched them all correctly.
Da iawn. Rydych wedi paru pob un yn gywir.
Ages Oedrannau |
Gross motor skill Sgil echddygol bras |
Correct answers Atebion cywir |
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Drag the gross motor skill to the correct age.
Llusgwch y sgil echddygol manwl i’r oedran cywir.
Warning! This resource is not optimised for use on mobile devices.
Rhybudd! Ni ellir defnyddio’r adnodd yma ar ffonau symudol neu dabled.
Well done. You have matched them all correctly.
Da iawn. Rydych wedi paru pob un yn gywir.
Ages Oedrannau |
Fine motor skill Sgiliau echddygol manwl |
Correct answers Atebion cywir |
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When, on average, do you think children acquire these fine motor skills?
Ar gyfartaledd, pryd mae plant yn caffael y sgiliau echddygol manwl hyn, yn eich barn chi?
Activity Gweithgaredd | When do you think it happens? Pryd mae'n digwydd, yn eich barn chi? |
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Turn pages of a book Troi tudalennau llyfr |
3-4 years
3-4 oed
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Buttons & unbuttons clothing Cau ac agor botymau ar ddillad |
3–4 years
3-4 oed
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Writes own name Ysgrifennu ei enw ei hun |
5-6 years
5-6 oed
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Joins up writing Cyflwyno ysgrifennu sownd |
6-7 years
6-7 oed
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