Promoting health and well-being throughout the life stages Hybu iechyd a llesiant drwy gydol camau bywyd
Key physical, intellectual, emotional and social aspects that affect growth and development across the lifespan of individuals – Physical – Monitoring Growth Part 1 Agweddau corfforol, deallusol, emosiynol a chymdeithasol allweddol sy'n effeithio ar dwf a datblygiad ar draws rhychwant oes unigolion – Corfforol – Monitro Twf Rhan 1

Growth is monitored from 0-8 years using centile charts.

Growth records are essential in the assessment of every child. Many illnesses and diseases can affect growth so any deviation from the expected growth norms are an early warning sign that something is wrong.

Health professionals plot three key growth details of the individual child - height, weight and head circumference - against national growth averages. This information is used to identify illness or highlight other medical issues, such as obesity.

These may be used throughout the life cycle but are particularly important during infancy and early childhood. They are included in the Personal Child Health Record (PCHR), commonly known as the 'red book', which is given to the parents on or just after the birth of their child, and is used by health professionals and parents to record standard health details, such as height and weight, as well as developmental milestones, such as first words and their first time walking.

Further reading

Read the growth charts fact sheet from the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health: https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/resources/growth-charts

Caiff twf ei fonitro rhwng 0 ac 8 oed gan ddefnyddio siartiau canraddol.

Mae cofnodion twf yn hanfodol wrth asesu pob plentyn. Gall sawl salwch a chlefyd effeithio ar dwf, felly mae unrhyw achos o wyro o'r normau twf disgwyliedig yn arwydd rhybudd cynnar bod rhywbeth o'i le.

Mae gweithwyr iechyd proffesiynol yn plotio tri manylyn twf allweddol ar gyfer y plentyn unigol - taldra, pwysau a chylchedd y pen - yn erbyn cyfartaleddau twf cenedlaethol. Defnyddir y wybodaeth hon i nodi achosion o salwch neu i dynnu sylw at faterion meddygol eraill, fel gordewdra.

Gellir eu defnyddio drwy gydol cylch bywyd ond maen nhw'n arbennig o bwysig yn ystod babandod a phlentyndod cynnar. Maen nhw wedi'u cynnwys yn y Cofnod Iechyd Plant Personol (Personal Child Health Record), y cyfeirir ato'n gyffredinol fel y 'llyfr coch', a roddir i rieni pan gaiff eu plentyn ei eni neu'n fuan wedi hynny, ac a ddefnyddir gan weithwyr iechyd proffesiynol a rhieni i gofnodi manylion iechyd safonol, fel taldra a phwysau, yn ogystal â cherrig milltir datblygiadol, fel geiriau cyntaf y plentyn a'r tro cyntaf y bydd yn cerdded.

Darllen pellach

Darllenwch y daflen ffeithiau ar siartiau twf gan Goleg Brenhinol y Pediatregwyr ac Iechyd Plant: https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/resources/growth-charts

Growth is also monitored by:

• regular measurement of height and weight
• regular check-up of teeth
• regular screening of vision and hearing
• monitoring by health visitor.

Caiff twf hefyd ei fonitro drwy wneud y canlynol:

• mesur taldra a phwysau yn rheolaidd
• archwilio dannedd yn rheolaidd
• sgrinio'r golwg a'r clyw yn rheolaidd
• gwaith monitro gan ymwelydd iechyd.

Within Wales, growth is monitored by a health visitor.

A health visitor will usually visit parents for the first time around 10 days after a baby is born.

A health visitor is a qualified nurse who has had extra training. Part of their role is to help families avoid illness and stay healthy, especially families with babies and young children.

Health visitors are part of a team that offers screening and developmental checks.

All infants are issued with a health record (red book) by the health visitor. They will use it to record infants and children’s weight and height, vaccinations and other important information.

Yng Nghymru, caiff twf ei fonitro gan ymwelydd iechyd.

Fel arfer, bydd ymwelydd iechyd yn ymweld â rhieni am y tro cyntaf ryw 10 ddiwrnod ar ôl geni baban.

Mae ymwelydd iechyd yn nyrs gymwys sydd wedi ymgymryd â hyfforddiant ychwanegol. Fel rhan o'i rôl, bydd yn helpu teuluoedd i osgoi achosion o salwch ac i aros yn iach, yn enwedig teuluoedd â babanod a phlant ifanc.

Mae ymwelwyr iechyd yn rhan o dîm sy'n cynnig gwasanaethau sgrinio ac archwiliadau datblygiadol.

Bydd pob baban yn cael cofnod iechyd (llyfr coch) gan yr ymwelydd iechyd. Caiff ei ddefnyddio i gofnodi pwysau a thaldra, brechiadau a gwybodaeth bwysig arall am fabanod a phlant.

Watch this video and outline the role of a health visitor and identify how they monitor growth/development.

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/baby-reviews/

Gwyliwch y fideo hwn ac amlinellwch rôl ymwelwyr iechyd a nodwch sut y maen nhw'n monitro twf/datblygiad.

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/baby-reviews/

Infant 0-2 years

Steady weight gain is one of the signs that a baby is healthy and feeding well.

It's normal for babies to lose some weight in the first few days after birth.

Babies will be weighed during their first two weeks to make sure they're regaining their birth weight. Four out of five babies are at, or above, their birth weight by two weeks.

After the first two weeks, babies should be weighed:

• no more than once a month up to 6 months of age
• no more than once every two months from 6-12 months of age
• no more than once every three months over the age of 1.

Babies will usually only be weighed more often than this if there are concerns about their health or growth, or if the carers ask.

The baby's length and head circumference may also be measured.

Usually babies gain weight most rapidly in the first 6 to 9 months. Their rate of growth will gradually slow down as they become a toddler and are more active.

Childhood 3-12 years

A child's height after the age of 2 gives some indication of how tall they will be when they grow up.

You can use the weight and height of a 3-year-old child to calculate their body mass index (BMI) and plot it on a centile chart. This is a way of checking whether a child's weight is in the healthy range or not.

NHS website

Babanod 0-2 oed

Mae magu pwysau cyson yn un o'r arwyddion bod baban yn iach ac yn bwydo'n dda.

Mae'n arferol i fabanod golli rhywfaint o bwysau yn ystod yr ychydig ddiwrnodau cyntaf ar ôl eu geni.

Caiff babanod eu pwyso yn ystod eu pythefnos cyntaf er mwyn gwneud yn siŵr eu bod yn adennill eu pwysau geni. Mae pedwar baban allan o bob pump yn dychwelyd i'w pwysau geni, neu'n magu mwy o bwysau, o fewn pythefnos.

Ar ôl y pythefnos cyntaf, dylid pwyso babanod:

• dim mwy nag unwaith y mis hyd at 6 mis oed
• dim mwy nag unwaith bob deufis rhwng 6 a 12 mis oed
• dim mwy nag unwaith bob tri mis dros flwydd oed.

Fel arfer, dim ond os bydd pryderon ynghylch eu hiechyd neu eu twf, neu os bydd y gofalwyr yn gofyn am gael gwneud hynny, y caiff babanod eu pwyso'n amlach na hyn.

Mae'n bosibl y caiff hyd y baban a chylched ei ben hefyd eu mesur.

Fel arfer, bydd babanod yn magu'r pwysau mwyaf rhwng 6 a 9 mis oed. Bydd eu cyfradd twf yn arafu'n raddol wrth iddyn nhw dyfu'n blentyn bach a dod yn fwy gweithgar.

Plentyndod 3-12 oed

Mae taldra plentyn ar ôl iddo gyrraedd 2 oed yn rhoi syniad o'i daldra pan fydd yn tyfu i fyny.

Gallwch ddefnyddio pwysau a thaldra plentyn 3 blwydd oed i gyfrifo mynegai màs y corff (BMI) a'i blotio ar siart ganraddol. Gall hyn ddangos a yw pwysau plentyn o fewn yr amrediad iach ai peidio.

Gwefan y GIG

Your health visitor will carry out a new baby review within 10-14 days of the birth.

They can give you advice on:

• safe sleeping
• vaccinations
• feeding your baby (breastfeeding and bottle feeding)
• caring for your baby and your baby’s development.

NHS website

Bydd eich ymwelydd iechyd yn cynnal adolygiad baban newydd o fewn 10-14 diwrnod o'r enedigaeth.

Gall roi cyngor i chi ar y canlynol:

• cysgu diogel
• brechiadau
• bwydo eich baban (bwydo ar y fron a bwydo o'r botel)
• gofalu am eich baban a datblygiad eich baban.

Gwefan y GIG

Your baby will be invited for a thorough physical examination. This is usually done by your GP.

Your baby's eyes, heart, hips and – for boys – testicles will be checked. They'll also have their weight, length and head circumference measured.

Your GP or health visitor will discuss your baby's vaccinations with you. These are offered at 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 16 weeks and 1 year old, and before your child starts school.

They'll also ask you how you've been feeling emotionally and physically since the birth of your baby.

NHS website

Cewch eich gwahodd i ddod â'ch baban i gael archwiliad corfforol trylwyr. Gwneir hyn fel arfer gan eich meddyg teulu.

Caiff llygaid, calon, cluniau ac - yn achos bechgyn - ceilliau eich baban eu harchwilio. Caiff eu pwysau, eu hyd a chylched eu pen hefyd eu mesur.

Bydd eich meddyg teulu neu eich ymwelydd iechyd yn trafod brechiadau eich baban gyda chi. Fe'u cynigir yn 8 wythnos oed, 12 wythnos oed, 16 wythnos oed a blwydd oed, a chyn i'ch plentyn ddechrau yn yr ysgol.

Bydd hefyd yn gofyn i chi sut rydych wedi bod yn teimlo'n emosiynol ac yn gorfforol ers geni eich baban.

Gwefan y GIG

During this time, your baby should be offered another review, looking at language and learning, safety, diet and behaviour, among other things.

This is usually done by a member of your health visiting team. It’s an opportunity for you to discuss any concerns you may have.

Your health visiting team will send you an ASQ-3 questionnaire to complete before the review. This helps you and your health visitor understand how your baby is developing. Your health visitor can help you with this.

NHS website

Yn ystod y cyfnod hwn, dylech gael cynnig adolygiad arall ar gyfer eich baban, er mwyn ystyried iaith a dysgu, diogelwch, deiet ac ymddygiad, ymhlith pethau eraill.

Gwneir hyn fel arfer gan aelod o'ch tîm ymwelwyr iechyd. Mae'n gyfle i chi drafod unrhyw bryderon a allai fod gennych.

Bydd eich tîm ymwelwyr iechyd yn anfon holiadur ASQ-3 atoch i'w gwblhau cyn yr adolygiad. Mae hyn yn eich helpu chi a'ch ymwelydd iechyd i ddeall sut mae eich baban yn datblygu. Gall eich ymwelydd iechyd eich helpu gyda hyn.

Gwefan y GIG

At 2 to 2 ½ years your child will have another health and development review. It’s best if you and your partner can both be there.

This is usually done by a nursery nurse or health visitor, and may happen at your home, baby clinic or children’s centre.

If your child has started going to playgroup, nursery or a childminder, the review may be done there. You, your health visitor, your child’s early years keyworker or childminder will all do the review together.

You’ll be sent an ASQ-3 questionnaire about your baby’s development to fill in before the review. Your health visitor or your child’s keyworker or health visitor can help with this.

This review will cover:

• general development, including movement, speech, social skills, behaviour, hearing and vision
• growth, healthy eating, keeping active
• managing behaviour and encouraging good sleeping habits
• tooth brushing and going to the dentist
• keeping your child safe
• vaccinations.

NHS website

Bydd eich plentyn yn cael adolygiad iechyd a datblygiad arall rhwng 2 a 2½ oed. Byddai'n well pe byddech chi a'ch partner yn bresennol.

Gwneir hyn fel arfer gan nyrs meithrin neu ymwelydd iechyd, a gellir ei gynnal yn eich cartref, mewn clinig babanod neu mewn canolfan blant.

Os bydd eich plentyn wedi dechrau mynd i gylch chwarae, ysgol feithrin neu warchodwr plant, gellir cynnal yr adolygiad yno. Byddwch chi, eich ymwelydd iechyd, gweithiwr allweddol blynyddoedd cynnar eich plentyn neu'r gwarchodwr plant yn cynnal yr adolygiad gyda'ch gilydd.

Anfonir holiadur ASQ-3 am ddatblygiad eich baban atoch i'w lenwi cyn yr adolygiad. Gall eich ymwelydd iechyd neu weithiwr allweddol neu ymwelydd iechyd eich plentyn helpu gyda hyn.

Bydd yr adolygiad hwn yn ymdrin â'r canlynol:

• datblygiad cyffredinol, gan gynnwys symudiad, lleferydd, sgiliau cymdeithasol, ymddygiad, y clyw a'r golwg
• twf, bwyta'n iach, cadw'n weithgar
• rheoli ymddygiad, ac annog arferion cysgu da
• brwsio dannedd a mynd at y deintydd
• cadw eich plentyn yn ddiogel
• brechiadau.

Gwefan y GIG