Fact, opinion and judgement mean three different things and developing an understanding of these definitions can have a significant affect on deciding what to record and how. It is also helpful when deciding what information gathered should be shared, how, when and with whom. These need to be considered when making a record so that the information gathered contributes to the protection of children and young people who are or have been victims of abuse or neglect.
Something that has been proven to be correct. Facts are gathered about children from parents/carers when they start at an early learning or childcare setting. Facts may include full name, date of birth, address, dietary requirements and another other relevant information. Childcare workers will be able to gather more facts about children if they suspect abuse is taking place. This may be done by describing and recording the circumstances. These files will need to be passed on to other professionals such as the police, social services or the National Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC). To set up the files, detailed evidence must be kept and it is important to be able to demonstrate the difference between fact, opinion and judgement.
A point of view about something that is not based on facts or information. Everyone is entitled to voice an opinion and this should be considered carefully if it involves children and young people. Childcare workers working closely with families/carers may be able to recognise the predictions of abuse based on the factors responsible for abuse by parents/carers of their children. Childcare workers have a duty to express their opinion because they have developed their understanding to be able to see that abuse is taking place in a particular situation. Awareness of the factors that contribute to child abuse and neglect assist professionals in making decisions and coming to an opinion. They can be used to ensure the best possible outcome for children, young people and their families/carers. When observing children, sometimes expressing an opinion and coming to a conclusion about matters should be avoided. Instead, there is a need to be objective and not allow an opinion to dictate what is recorded. It is much better that other people hear the information the childcare worker has seen and heard when observing rather than their interpretation.
The ability to form an opinion and make good decisions or come to a conclusion about something specific. An experienced childcare worker should have developed the ability to make a professional judgement in different situations. They will understand the factors that contribute to the abuse of children and young people and act professionally and ensure that their rights are respected. In doing so the childcare worker will comply with the requirements of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). They should know when and how to share information with colleagues and when the further assistance of professionals is required. The experience and ability to make a good judgement will have a positive outcome on the welfare and development of the child in being able to offer early intervention. When observing the childcare worker will be able to make a judgement on the basis of information already gathered about the child. As a result of their experience the childcare worker should be able to make professional judgements following abuse by taking time to listen to and observe the child and note if their behaviour is different from their usual behaviour.
Mae ffaith, barn a dyfarniad yn golygu tri pheth gwahanol ac mae datblygu dealltwriaeth o’r diffiniadau hyn yn medru cael effaith sylweddol ar y broses o benderfynu beth a sut i gofnodi. Mae hefyd yn gymorth wrth benderfynu beth, sut, pryd a chyda phwy y dylid rhannu’r wybodaeth a gasglwyd. Mae angen ystyried y rhain wrth gofnodi fel bod y wybodaeth a gesglir yn cyfrannu at ddiogelu plant a phobl ifanc sy’n cael neu sydd wedi cael eu cam-drin neu eu hesgeuluso.
Rhywbeth sydd wedi cael ei brofi i fod yn gywir. Cesglir ffeithiau am blant oddi wrth rieni/gofalwyr wrth iddynt ddechrau eu cyfnod mewn lleoliad blynyddoedd cynnar neu ofal plant. Gall ffeithiau gynnwys enw llawn, dyddiad geni, cyfeiriad, gofynion dietegol ac unrhyw wybodaeth berthnasol arall. Bydd gweithwyr gofal plant yn medru casglu rhagor o ffeithiau am blant os ydyn nhw’n amau bod camdriniaeth yn cymryd lle. Gellid gwneud hyn drwy ddisgrifio’r amgylchiadau a’u cofnodi. Bydd angen trosglwyddo’r ffeithiau yma i weithwyr proffesiynol eraill megis yr heddlu, y gwasanaethau cymdeithasol neu’r Gymdeithas Genedlaethol er Atal Creulondeb i Blant (NSPCC). Er mwyn sefydlu’r ffeithiau, rhaid cadw tystiolaeth fanwl gywir ac mae’n bwysig medru dangos y gwahaniaeth rhwng ffaith, barn a dyfarniad.
Safbwynt ynghylch rhywbeth nad ydyw’n seiliedig ar ffeithiau neu wybodaeth. Mae hawl gan bawb i leisio barn a dylid ystyried hyn yn ofalus os yw’n ymwneud â phlant a phobl ifanc. Efallai bod gweithwyr gofal plant yn gweithio’n agos gyda theuluoedd/gofalwyr ac yn medru adnabod rhagdybion camdriniaeth yn sgil y ffactorau sy’n gyfrifol am y ffaith bod rhieni/gofalwyr yn cam-drin eu plant. Mae dyletswydd ar gweithwyr gofal plant i fynegi eu barn oherwydd eu bod wedi datblygu eu deallusrwydd i fedru gweld pam mae camdriniaeth yn digwydd mewn sefyllfa benodol. Mae ymwybyddiaeth o’r ffactorau sy’n cyfrannu at gamdriniaeth ac esgeuluso plant yn gymorth i weithwyr wneud penderfyniadau a dod i farn. Gellir eu defnyddio ar gyfer sicrhau'r canlyniad gorau bosib i blant, pobl ifanc a’u teuluoedd/gofalwyr. Wrth arsylwi plant, weithiau dylid osgoi lleisio barn a dod i gasgliad am faterion. Yn hytrach, mae angen bod yn wrthrychol a pheidio â gadael i farn reoli'r hyn a gaiff ei gofnodi. Mae’n llawer gwell bod pobl eraill yn clywed am y wybodaeth mae’r gweithiwr gofal plant wedi’i weld a chlywed wrth arsylwi yn hytrach na’r hyn mae’n ei ddehongli.
Y gallu i ffurfio barn a gwneud penderfyniadau da neu ddod i gasgliad am rywbeth penodol. Dylai gweithiwr gofal plant profiadol fod wedi datblygu’r gallu i wneud dyfarniad proffesiynol mewn sefyllfaoedd gwahanol. Bydd yn deall y ffactorau sydd yn cyfrannu tuag at gamdriniaeth plant a phobl ifanc ac yn gweithredu’n broffesiynol gan sicrhau bod eu hawliau’n cael eu parchu. Trwy hyn bydd yr gweithiwr gofal plant yn cydymffurfio â gofynion Confensiwn y Cenhedloedd Unedig ar Hawliau’r Plentyn (CCUHP). Dylid gwybod pryd a sut mae rhannu gwybodaeth gyda chyd-weithwyr a phryd mae angen cymorth pellach gan weithwyr proffesiynol. Bydd y profiad a’r gallu i wneud dyfarniad da yn cael canlyniad positif ar les a datblygiad y plentyn wrth fedru cynnig ymyrraeth gynnar. Wrth arsylwi bydd yr gweithiwr gofal plant yn medru gwneud dyfarniad ar sail y wybodaeth sydd eisoes wedi’i chasglu am y plentyn. Yn sgil ei brofiad, dylai’r gweithiwr gofal plant fedru gwneud dyfarniadau proffesiynol yn sgil camdriniaeth trwy gymryd amser i wrando ac arsylwi’r plentyn a sylwi ar ei ymddygiad os yw’n wahanol i’r arfer.
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