Health and safety in health and social care Iechyd a diogelwch mewn iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol
Ways in which infections are transmitted and poor practices that may lead to this Ffyrdd o drosglwyddo heintiau ac arferion gwael a all arwain at hyn

The organisms that cause infections may spread through water, soil, food, or air; or through contact with an infected person's blood, skin, or mucus; through sexual contact, or through insect bites.

Most germs spread by a number of these routes; no one microbe spreads in all these ways.

In addition, many disease-causing microbes can spread from a pregnant woman to her foetus. When this happens, we say the baby is born with a congenital infection.

Poor practice that can lead to the spread of infection can include:

• poor hand hygiene
• not wearing personal protective equipment (PPE)
• not storing or cooking food properly
• not cleaning surroundings
• not covering the nose or mouth when sneezing or coughing.

Gall yr organebau sy'n achosi heintiau ledaenu drwy ddŵr, pridd, bwyd, neu aer; neu drwy gysylltiad â gwaed, croen neu fwcws person heintiedig; trwy gysylltiad rhywiol, neu drwy frathiad pryfed.

Mae’r rhan fwyaf o germau yn lledaenu drwy nifer o'r llwybrau hyn; nid oes unrhyw un microb yn lledaenu yn yr holl ffyrdd hyn.

Yn ogystal â hynny, gall llawer o ficrobau sy'n achosi clefydau ledaenu o fenyw feichiog i'w ffoetws. Pan fydd hyn yn digwydd, dywedwn fod y baban yn cael ei eni â haint cynhenid.

Gall ymarfer gwael a fyddai'n gallu arwain at ledaenu haint gynnwys:

• hylendid dwylo gwael
• peidio â gwisgo cyfarpar diogelu personol (PPE)
• peidio â storio na choginio bwyd yn iawn
• peidio â glanhau amgylchedd
• peidio â gorchuddio'r trwyn na'r geg wrth disian neu beswch.