Principles and values of health and social care (adults) Egwyddorion a gwerthoedd iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol (oedolion)
Positive approaches and restrictive practices Dulliau gweithredu cadarnhaol a fyddai'n gallu cael eu defnyddio i leihau arferion cyfyngol

Behaviours which challenge services always happen for a reason and might be the only way an individual is able to communicate. This behaviour can happen for different reasons, which are specific to the individual.

Individuals who display or are at risk of displaying behaviours which could be challenging might need care and support which involves positive behavioural support and some form of restrictive practice or intervention. It is vitally important that it is person-centred, meets an individual’s needs with dignity and respect, and minimises the risks to the individual being cared for and the individual carrying out the physical intervention.

Mae ymddygiadau sy'n herio gwasanaethau yn digwydd am reswm, ac mae'n bosibl mai dyma'r unig ffordd y gall unigolyn gyfathrebu. Gall yr ymddygiad hwn ddigwydd am wahanol resymau sy'n benodol i'r unigolyn.

Efallai fod angen darparu gofal a chymorth i unigolion sy'n ymddwyn mewn ffyrdd a allai fod yn heriol, neu sydd mewn perygl o wneud hynny, gan gynnwys cymorth ymddygiad cadarnhaol a rhyw fath o ymarfer neu ymyriad cyfyngol. Mae'n hollbwysig ei fod yn canolbwyntio ar yr unigolyn, yn diwallu anghenion unigolyn ag urddas a pharch ac yn sicrhau cyn lleied â phosibl o risgiau i'r unigolyn sy'n derbyn gofal a'r unigolyn sy'n cyflawni'r ymyriad corfforol.

Positive approaches are based upon the principles of person-centred care:

• getting to know an individual
• respecting and valuing their histories and backgrounds, and understanding:
  • their likes and dislikes
  • their skills and abilities
  • their preferred communication style and support structures
• understanding the impact of their environment upon them and using this to identify ways to support individuals consistently in every aspect of the care they receive

Positive approaches involve working with an individual and their support systems to:

• try to understand what they are feeling and why they are responding in the way they are
• where possible, undertake any required changes and intervene at an early stage to try and prevent difficult situations at all
• understand what needs to be planned and put into place in order to support the individual to manage distressed and angry feelings in a way that reduces the need for behaviour that challenges any restrictions.

Mae dulliau gweithredu cadarnhaol yn seiliedig ar egwyddorion gofal person-ganolog:

• dod i adnabod unigolyn
• parchu a gwerthfawrogi ei hanes a'i gefndir, a'i ddealltwriaeth:
  • ei hoff bethau a'i gas bethau
  • ei sgiliau a'i allu
  • yr hyn sy'n well ganddo o ran dull cyfathrebu a strwythurau cymorth
• deall effaith ei amgylchedd arno a defnyddio hyn i nodi ffyrdd o gynorthwyo unigolion yn gyson ym mhob agwedd ar y gofal maent yn ei gael.

Mae dulliau gweithredu cadarnhaol yn cynnwys gweithio gydag unigolyn a'i systemau cymorth er mwyn:

• ceisio deall beth mae rhywun yn ei deimlo a pham ei fod yn ymateb fel y mae
• lle bo modd, gwneud unrhyw newidiadau sydd eu hangen ac ymyrryd ar gam cynnar er mwyn ceisio atal sefyllfaoedd anodd yn y lle cyntaf
• deall beth sydd angen ei gynllunio a'i gyflwyno er mwyn cynorthwyo'r unigolyn i reoli gofid a dicter mewn ffordd sy'n lleihau'r angen i ymddwyn mewn ffordd sy'n herio unrhyw gyfyngiadau.

Restrictive practices are a wide range of activities that restrict an individual’s ability to do what they want to do without some form of intervention or encourages them to do things that they don’t want to do. They can be very obvious or very subtle. They should be understood as part of continuum, from limiting choice, to reactive response to an incident or an emergency, or if an individual is going to seriously harm themselves or others.

Mae arferion cyfyngol yn ystod eang o weithgareddau sy'n cyfyngu ar allu unigolyn i wneud yr hyn y mae am ei wneud heb ryw fath o ymyriad neu sy'n eu hannog i wneud pethau nad ydynt am eu gwneud. Gallant fod yn amlwg iawn neu'r mymryn lleiaf. Dylid eu deall fel rhan o gontinwwm, o gyfyngu ar ddewis, i ymateb adweithiol i ddigwyddiad neu argyfwng, neu os yw unigolyn yn mynd i niweidio ei hun neu eraill yn ddifrifol.