Principles and values of health and social care (adults) Egwyddorion a gwerthoedd iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol (oedolion)
How legislation and national policies underpin a rights-based approach Sut mae deddfwriaeth a pholisïau cenedlaethol yn sail i ddull gweithredu seiliedig ar hawliau

Wales has numerous pieces of legislation, rules, regulations, policies, guidance documents and statutory codes of practice in place. All of which promote diversity, ensure equality and end discrimination. These are in place to promote everyone’s right to fair and equal treatment, regardless of their differences.

The Social Services and Well-being Act is the key piece of legislation which ensures services work in a person-centred way to support a rights-based approach.

For example, the Human Rights Act 1998 covers many different types of discrimination, including some that are not covered by other discrimination laws. Rights under the Act can be used only against a public authority; for example, the police or a local council, and not a private company. However, court decisions on discrimination usually have to take what the Human Rights Act says into consideration.

To make Britain fairer and strengthen anti-discrimination laws, the Equality Act 2010 provides understandable, practical guidance for employers, service providers and public bodies to ensure that rights to fair treatment are promoted for everyone.

Yng Nghymru, mae nifer o ddeddfau, rheolau, rheoliadau, polisïau, dogfennau canllaw a chodau ymarfer statudol ar waith, ac mae pob un ohonynt yn hyrwyddo amrywiaeth, yn sicrhau cydraddoldeb ac yn rhoi terfyn ar wahaniaethu. Mae'r rhain ar waith er mwyn hyrwyddo hawl pawb i gael eu trin yn deg ac yn gyfartal, ni waeth beth yw'r gwahaniaethau rhyngddynt.

Y Ddeddf Gwasanaethau a Llesiant yw’r darn allweddol o ddeddfwriaeth sy’n sicrhau bod gwasanaethau yn gweithio mewn ffyrdd person-ganolog er mwyn cefnogi dulliau gweithredu seiliedig ar hawliau.

Er enghraifft, mae Deddf Hawliau Dynol 1998 yn cwmpasu llawer o wahanol fathau o wahaniaethu, gan gynnwys rhai na chânt eu cwmpasu gan ddeddfau eraill mewn perthynas â gwahaniaethu. Dim ond yn erbyn awdurdod cyhoeddus y gellir defnyddio hawliau o dan y Ddeddf; er enghraifft, yr heddlu neu gyngor lleol, ac nid cwmni preifat. Fodd bynnag, rhaid i benderfyniadau llysoedd ynghylch gwahaniaethu fel arfer ystyried yr hyn y mae'r Ddeddf Hawliau Dynol yn ei ddweud.

Er mwyn gwneud Prydain yn decach ac atgyfnerthu deddfau gwrthwahaniaethu, mae Deddf Cydraddoldeb 2010 yn rhoi canllawiau ymarferol dealladwy i gyflogwyr, darparwyr gwasanaethau a chyrff cyhoeddus er mwyn sicrhau bod hawliau i driniaeth deg yn cael eu hyrwyddo i bawb.

All the individuals working in health and social care must demonstrate their ability in putting diversity and equality into practice, ensuring the individual is at the centre of service delivery. By following a rights-based approach, they are challenging discrimination against the individuals using care services, their families and fellow-workers.

The essence of a rights-based approach is that it is unique to, and owned by, the individual being supported. But how do legislation and national policies support this? One example of this is the Mental Capacity Act (MCA) 2005.

It may be that the individual cannot always make decisions for themselves. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 is intended to support such times. It came into effect from 1 April 2007 and covers England and Wales. The Act provides a statutory framework for individuals who may not be able to make their own decisions because of mental disability. It promotes fair treatment for individuals who may be affected and protects the rights of some of the most vulnerable individuals in society. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 will help individuals to make their own decisions. It will also protect individuals who cannot make their own decisions about some things. This is called lacking capacity.

The Act tells individuals:

• what to do to help someone make their own decisions about something
• how to work out if someone can make their own decisions about something
• what to do if someone cannot make decisions about something sometimes.

Rhaid i bob unigolyn sy'n gweithio ym maes iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol ddangos ei allu i roi amrywiaeth a chydraddoldeb ar waith, gan sicrhau mai'r unigolyn sydd wrth wraidd y gwasanaeth a ddarperir. Drwy ddilyn dull gweithredu seiliedig ar hawliau, bydd yn herio gwahaniaethu yn erbyn yr unigolion sy'n defnyddio gwasanaethau gofal, eu teuluoedd, a chydweithwyr.

Hanfod dull gweithredu seiliedig ar hawliau yw ei fod yn unigryw i'r unigolyn sy'n cael ei gefnogi ac yn eiddo iddo. Ond sut mae deddfwriaeth a pholisïau cenedlaethol yn cefnogi hyn? Un enghraifft o hyn yw Deddf Galluedd Meddyliol 2005.

Efallai na all yr unigolyn wneud penderfyniadau drosto ei hun bob amser. Bwriad Deddf Galluedd Meddyliol 2005 yw helpu ar adegau fel hyn. Daeth i rym ar 1 Ebrill 2007 ac mae'n gymwys i Gymru a Lloegr. Mae'r Ddeddf yn rhoi fframwaith statudol i unigolion na allant wneud eu penderfyniadau eu hunain oherwydd anabledd meddyliol o bosibl. Mae'n hyrwyddo triniaeth deg i unigolion yr effeithir arnynt ac yn amddiffyn hawliau rhai o'r unigolion mwyaf agored i niwed mewn cymdeithas. Bydd Deddf Galluedd Meddyliol 2005 yn helpu unigolion i wneud eu penderfyniadau eu hunain. Bydd hefyd yn diogelu unigolion na allant wneud eu penderfyniadau eu hunain ynglŷn â rhai pethau. Gelwir hyn yn ddiffyg galluedd.

Mae'r Ddeddf yn dweud wrth unigolion:

• beth i'w wneud er mwyn helpu rhywun i wneud ei benderfyniadau ei hun am rywbeth
• sut i weithio allan a all rhywun wneud ei benderfyniadau ei hun am rywbeth
• beth i'w wneud os na all rhywun wneud penderfyniadau am rywbeth.

How do other legislation and national policies underpin a rights-based approach?

Have a look at one of the following and make notes on the impact you think it has on following a rights-based approach in health and social care.

• Declaration of rights of older people in Wales (2014)
• Welsh Language measure (2011) and Mwy na Geiriau
• Framework for the Welsh Language in Health and Social Care (2013)

Sut mae deddfwriaeth a pholisïau cenedlaethol eraill yn sail i ddull gweithredu seiliedig ar hawliau?

Edrychwch ar un o'r canlynol a gwnewch nodiadau ar ei effaith ar ddilyn dull gweithredu seiliedig ar hawliau ym maes iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol yn eich barn chi.

• Datganiad o Hawliau Pobl Hŷn yng Nghymru (2014)
• Mesur y Gymraeg (2011) a Mwy na Geiriau
• Fframwaith ar gyfer y Gymraeg mewn Iechyd a Gofal Cymdeithasol (2013)