Principles and values of health and social care (adults) Egwyddorion a gwerthoedd iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol (oedolion)
Key elements of a rights-based approach Elfennau allweddol dull gweithredu seiliedig ar hawliau

In relation to the provision of a rights-based approach, underpinning this is the Social Services and Well-Being (Wales) Act 2014. This is an important piece of legislation about how carers should be providing care and support to individuals accessing services in Wales.

In addition, advocacy underpins the principles of the Social Services and Well-Being (Wales) Act and is a valuable way of supporting the voice, choices and well-being of individuals. Advocacy can help individuals access information about services, be involved in decisions about their lives, explore choices and options, and make their needs and wishes known.

Mewn perthynas â darparu dull gweithredu seiliedig ar hawliau, mae Deddf Gwasanaethau Cymdeithasol a Llesiant (Cymru) 2014 yn sail i hyn. Mae hon yn ddeddf bwysig sy'n ymwneud â'r ffordd y dylai gofalwyr fod yn darparu gofal a chymorth i unigolion sy'n defnyddio gwasanaethau yng Nghymru.

Hefyd, mae eiriolaeth yn ategu egwyddorion y Ddeddf Gwasanaethau Cymdeithasol a Llesiant (Cymru) ac yn ffordd werthfawr o gefnogi llais, dewisiadau a llesiant unigolion. Gall eiriolaeth helpu unigolion i gael gafael ar wybodaeth am wasanaethau, bod yn rhan o benderfyniadau am eu bywydau, ystyried dewisiadau ac opsiynau, a rhoi gwybod beth yw eu hanghenion a'u dymuniadau. Byddwn yn archwilio hyn ymhellach yn nes ymlaen.

A rights-based approach involves service delivery that places principles and values as central to all aspects of service planning, policy and practice. For example, social care workers are expected to treat each individual as an individual, respect and promote their individual views and wishes, and support their right to control their lives and make informed choices. It is a way of providing care that is centred around the individual, and not just their health or care needs. Individual-centred values support a rights-based approach, and cover the total care of the individual. The individual is the centre of their care, so they must be consulted and their views must always come first.

People's rights

• Choice
• Confidentiality
• Protection
• Equality
• Consultation

Mae dull gweithredu seiliedig ar hawliau yn golygu darparu gwasanaethau mewn ffordd sy'n sicrhau bod egwyddorion a gwerthoedd wrth wraidd pob agwedd ar y gwaith o gynllunio gwasanaethau, polisïau ac ymarfer. Er enghraifft, disgwylir i weithwyr gofal cymdeithasol drin pob unigolyn fel unigolyn, parchu a hyrwyddo barn a dymuniadau unigolion a chefnogi eu hawl i reoli eu bywydau eu hunain a gwneud dewisiadau yn seiliedig ar wybodaeth. Mae'n ffordd o ddarparu gofal sy'n canolbwyntio ar yr unigolyn, ac nid dim ond ei anghenion iechyd neu ofal. Mae gwerthoedd sy'n canolbwyntio ar yr unigolyn yn cefnogi dull gweithredu seiliedig ar hawliau ac yn cwmpasu holl ofal yr unigolyn. Yr unigolyn sydd wrth wraidd ei ofal, felly rhaid ymgynghori ag ef a rhaid rhoi ei farn yn gyntaf bob amser.

Hawliau dynol

• Dewis
• Cyfrinachedd
• Diogelwch
• Cydraddoldeb
• Ymgynghoriad

We are all different; no two individuals are the same. As an example, it is not correct to say that because two individuals have dementia, they both have the same care and support needs. Individual-centred values ensure a comprehensive understanding of individual needs and the development of appropriate individual care and support plans for all.

What things do you like to do in your spare time? Compare this with the things your best friend or partner likes to do. Do you see a difference in your interests?

You wouldn’t want to have to do everything the same as your partner so it is important to look at individual differences in a rights-based approach.

Mae pob un ohonom yn unigryw ac yn wahanol i'n gilydd. Er enghraifft, nid yw'n gywir dweud, am fod gan ddau unigolyn ddementia, fod gan y ddau ohonynt yr un anghenion gofal a chymorth. Mae gwerthoedd sy'n canolbwyntio ar yr unigolyn yn sicrhau dealltwriaeth gynhwysfawr o anghenion unigolion a bod cynlluniau gofal unigol priodol yn cael eu datblygu ar gyfer pawb.

Beth rydych chi'n mwynhau ei wneud yn eich amser hamdden? Cymharwch hyn â'r hyn y mae eich ffrind gorau neu eich partner yn hoffi ei wneud. Ydych chi'n gweld gwahaniaeth rhwng eich diddordebau?

Ni fyddech am orfod gwneud popeth yn yr un ffordd â'ch partner felly mae'n bwysig edrych ar wahaniaethau unigol mewn dull gweithredu sy'n seiliedig ar hawliau.

Often carers will be supporting individuals when they are in a vulnerable position. The quality of care that is received depends on how carers can effectively support and meet the needs of the individual, having a sound knowledge of the individual and what their requirements are.

Knowledge, for example, can help the carer understand why individuals behave in the way they do. A care and support plan, based on an person-centred approach, will help in understanding some of this.

Individual-centred planning involves seeing the individual being supported as the central concern. Carers need to find ways to support the individual, not providing the same for everyone.

Rights-based approaches, involving individual-centred planning, are a way of helping individuals to think about what they want now and in the future. They are about supporting individuals to plan their lives, work towards their goals and get the right support. They are a collection of tools and approaches based upon a set of shared values that can be used to plan with an individual, not for them. Planning should build the individual’s circle of support and involve all the individuals who are important in that individual’s life.

Yn aml, bydd gofalwyr yn cefnogi unigolion pan fyddant mewn sefyllfa fregus. Mae ansawdd y gofal a roddir yn dibynnu ar y ffordd y gall gofalwyr gefnogi a diwallu anghenion yr unigolyn yn effeithiol, gan feddu ar wybodaeth gadarn am yr unigolyn a'i ofynion.

Er enghraifft, gall gwybodaeth helpu'r gofalwr i ddeall pam mae unigolion yn ymddwyn fel y maent. Bydd cynllun gofal, sy'n seiliedig ar ddull gweithredu sy'n canolbwyntio ar yr unigolyn, yn helpu i ddeall rhywfaint o hyn.

Mae gwaith cynllunio sy'n canolbwyntio ar yr unigolyn yn golygu ystyried mai'r unigolyn a gefnogir sydd bwysicaf. Mae angen i ofalwyr ddod o hyd i ffyrdd o gefnogi'r unigolyn, nid darparu'r un gofal i bawb.

Mae dulliau gweithredu seiliedig ar hawliau, sy'n cynnwys gwaith cynllunio sy'n canolbwyntio ar yr unigolyn, yn ffordd o helpu unigolion i feddwl am yr hyn y maent am ei gael nawr ac yn y dyfodol. Y nod yw helpu unigolion i gynllunio eu bywydau, gweithio tuag at gyflawni eu nodau a chael y cymorth cywir. Yr hyn sydd dan sylw yw casgliad o adnoddau a dulliau gweithredu sy'n seiliedig ar gyfres o werthoedd a rennir y gellir eu defnyddio i gynllunio gydag unigolyn, nid ar ei ran. Dylai'r gwaith cynllunio ddatblygu cylch cymorth yr unigolyn a chynnwys yr holl unigolion sy'n bwysig yn ei fywyd.

A care and support plan describes in an easy, accessible way the services and support being provided, and should be put together and agreed with the individual through the process of care planning.

What do you think a care and support plan should include? Think about what you would like people to know about you if you had to go into care. How do you think this should be completed and on what format should it be recorded?

Mae cynllun gofal yn disgrifio, mewn ffordd syml a hawdd ei deall, y gwasanaeth a'r cymorth a ddarperir, a dylid ei lunio a chytuno arno ar y cyd â'r unigolyn drwy broses cynllunio gofal.

Beth ddylai gael ei gynnwys mewn cynllun gofal a chymorth yn eich barn chi? Meddyliwch am yr hyn yr hoffech i bobl ei wybod amdanoch chi petai'n rhaid i chi dderbyn gofal. Sut ydych chi'n meddwl y dylid cwblhau hyn ac ar ba ffurf y dylid ei gofnodi?