Safeguarding Diogelu
The purpose of safeguarding legislation Pwrpas deddfwriaeth a pholisïau diogelu

• promoting and maintaining the safety of individuals (and care workers)
• developing and maintaining effective lines of communication whilst also maintaining confidentiality of information
• ensuring appropriate vetting procedures when recruiting new employees.

• hyrwyddo a chynnal diogelwch unigolion (a gweithwyr gofal)
• datblygu a chynnal llinellau cyswllt gan gadw cyfrinachedd gwybodaeth ar yr un pryd
• sicrhau bod gweithdrefnau fetio priodol yn cael eu dilyn wrth recriwtio gweithwyr newydd.

Safeguarding provision is set out in the following legislation and policies:

• United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989
• Human Rights Act 1998
• The Children Act 1989 – in relation to the welfare of the child
• The Children Act 2004 – aims to identify needs and provide early intervention, and provide for the Joint Assessment Framework
• All Wales Child Protection Procedures 2008
• Safeguarding of Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 – in relation to the recruitment of staff working with children or vulnerable adults and the current necessary checks, e.g. DBS and the appropriate ‘lists’, e.g. List 99, POCA (children and young individuals) and POVA (adults).
• Social Services and Well-being Act (Wales) 2014
• Violence against Women, Domestic Abuse and Sexual Violence Act 2015
• Mental Capacity Act 2005.

Mae'r ddarpariaeth diogelu wedi'i chynnwys yn y ddeddfwriaeth a'r polisïau canlynol:

• Confensiwn y Cenhedloedd Unedig ar Hawliau'r Plentyn 1989
• Deddf Hawliau Dynol 1998
• Deddf Plant 1989 – mewn perthynas â lles y plentyn
• Deddf Plant 2004 – ei nod yw nodi anghenion ac ymyrryd yn gynnar, a darparu ar gyfer y Fframwaith Asesu ar y Cyd
• Gweithdrefnau Amddiffyn Plant Cymru Gyfan 2008
• Deddf Diogelu Grwpiau Hyglwyf 2006 – mewn perthynas â recriwtio staff sy'n gweithio gyda phlant neu oedolion agored i niwed a'r gwiriadau angenrheidiol presennol, e.e. y Gwasanaeth Datgelu a Gwahardd a'r ‘rhestrau’ priodol, e.e. Rhestr 99, Deddf Amddiffyn Plant (plant ac unigolion ifanc) a Deddf Amddiffyn Oedolion Agored i Niwed.
• Deddf Gwasanaethau Cymdeithasol a Llesiant (Cymru) 2014
• Deddf Trais yn erbyn Menywod, Cam-drin Domestig a Thrais Rhywiol 2015
• Deddf Galluedd Meddyliol 2005.

The following articles from the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 shows the provision for safeguarding:

• Article 2 (non-discrimination) - The Convention applies to every child without discrimination, whatever their ethnicity, gender, religion, language, abilities or any other status, whatever they think or say, whatever their family background.
• Article 3 (best interests of the child) - The best interests of the child must be a top priority in all decisions and actions that affect children.
• Article 6 (life, survival and development) - Every child has the right to life. Governments must do all they can to ensure that children survive and develop to their full potential.
• Article 9 (separation from parents) - Children must not be separated from their parents against their will unless it is in their best interests (for example, if a parent is hurting or neglecting a child). Children whose parents have separated have the right to stay in contact with both parents, unless this could cause them harm.
• Article 12 (respect for the views of the child) - Every child has the right to express their views, feelings and wishes in all matters affecting them, and to have their views considered and taken seriously. This right applies at all times, for example during immigration proceedings, housing decisions or the child’s day-to-day home life.
• Article 15 (freedom of association) - Every child has the right to meet with other children and to join groups and organisations, as long as this does not stop other individuals from enjoying their rights.
• Article 16 (right to privacy) - Every child has the right to privacy. The law should protect the child’s private, family and home life, including protecting children from unlawful attacks that harm their reputation.
• Article 19 (protection from violence, abuse and neglect) - Governments must do all they can to ensure that children are protected from all forms of violence, abuse, neglect and bad treatment by their parents or anyone else who looks after them.
• Article 20 (children unable to live with their family) - If a child cannot be looked after by their immediate family, the government must give them special protection and assistance. This includes making sure the child is provided with alternative care that is continuous and respects the child’s culture, language and religion.
• Article 23 (children with a disability) - A child with a disability has the right to live a full and decent life with dignity and, as far as possible, independence and to play an active part in the community. Governments must do all they can to support disabled children and their families.
• Article 24 (health and health services) - Every child has the right to the best possible health. Governments must provide good quality health care, clean water, nutritious food, and a clean environment and education on health and well-being so that children can stay healthy. Richer countries must help poorer countries achieve this.
• Article 32 (child labour) - Governments must protect children from economic exploitation and work that is dangerous or might harm their health, development or education. Governments must set a minimum age for children to work and ensure that work conditions are safe and appropriate.
• Article 34 (sexual exploitation) - Governments must protect children from all forms of sexual abuse and exploitation.
• Article 35 (abduction, sale and trafficking) - Governments must protect children from being abducted, sold or moved illegally to a different place in or outside their country for the purpose of exploitation.
• Article 36 (other forms of exploitation) - Governments must protect children from all other forms of exploitation, for example the exploitation of children for political activities, by the media or for medical research.
• Article 39 (recovery from trauma and reintegration) - Children who have experienced neglect, abuse, exploitation, torture or who are victims of war must receive special support to help them recover their health, dignity, self-respect and social life.

Further reading: https://www.unicef.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/UNCRC_summary-1.pdf

Mae'r erthyglau canlynol o Gonfensiwn y Cenhedloedd Unedig ar Hawliau'r Plentyn 1989 yn dangos y ddarpariaeth ar gyfer diogelu:

• Erthygl 2 (heb gamwahaniaethu) - Mae'r Confensiwn yn gymwys i bob plentyn heb gamwahaniaethu, ni waeth beth yw ei ethnigrwydd, rhyw, crefydd, iaith, gallu neu unrhyw statws arall, ni waeth beth yw ei farn na beth mae'n ei ddweud, na beth yw ei gefndir teuluol.
• Erthygl 3 (lles pennaf y plentyn) - Rhaid i les pennaf y plentyn fod yn brif ystyriaeth ym mhob penderfyniad a gweithred sy'n effeithio ar blant.
• Erthygl 6 (bywyd, goroesiad a datblygiad) - Mae gan bob plentyn hawl i fywyd. Rhaid i lywodraethau wneud popeth o fewn eu gallu i sicrhau bod plant yn goroesi ac yn datblygu i'w potensial llawn.
• Erthygl 9 (gwahanu oddi wrth rieni) - Ni ddylai plant gael eu gwahanu oddi wrth eu rhieni yn erbyn eu hewyllys oni bai fod hynny er lles pennaf y plentyn (er enghraifft, os yw rhiant yn achosi niwed i blentyn neu yn ei esgeuluso). Mae gan blant a'u rhieni wedi gwahanu, yr hawl i gadw mewn cysylltiad gyda'r ddau riant, oni bai y gallai hyn achosi niwed iddyn nhw.
• Erthygl 12 (parchu safbwyntiau'r plentyn) - Mae gan bob plentyn yr hawl i fynegi ei safbwyntiau, teimladau a dymuniadau ar bob mater sy'n effeithio arno, ac i eraill ystyried y safbwyntiau hynny a'u cymryd o ddifrif. Mae'r hawl hon yn gymwys bob amser, er enghraifft yn ystod trafodion mewnfudo, penderfyniadau yn ymwneud â thai neu fywyd cartref bob dydd y plentyn.
• Erthygl 15 (rhyddid i gymdeithasu) - Mae gan bob plentyn yr hawl i gyfarfod plant eraill ac i ymuno â grwpiau a mudiadau, ar yr amod nad yw hyn yn atal unigolion eraill rhag mwynhau eu hawliau.
• Erthygl 16 (yr hawl i breifatrwydd) - Mae gan bob plentyn yr hawl i breifatrwydd. Dylai'r gyfraith amddiffyn bywyd preifat, teuluol a chartref y plentyn, gan gynnwys amddiffyn plant rhag ymosodiadau anghyfreithlon sy'n gwneud drwg i'w henw da.
• Erthygl 19 (amddiffyn rhag trais, camdriniaeth ac esgeuluster) - Rhaid i lywodraethau wneud popeth o fewn eu gallu i sicrhau bod plant yn cael eu hamddiffyn rhag pob math o drais, camdriniaeth, esgeuluster a thriniaeth wael gan eu rheini neu unrhyw un arall sy'n gofalu amdanyn nhw.
• Erthygl 20 (plant nad ydyn nhw'n gallu byw gyda'u teulu) - Os nad yw teulu agos plentyn yn gallu gofalu amdano, rhaid i'r llywodraeth gynnig amddiffyniad a chymorth arbennig iddo. Mae hyn yn cynnwys gwneud yn siŵr bod y plentyn yn derbyn gofal arall sy'n barhaus ac sy'n parchu diwylliant, iaith a chrefydd y plentyn.
• Erthygl 23 (plant ag anabledd) - Mae gan blentyn ag anabledd yr hawl i fyw bywyd llawn a gweddus gydag urddas a, chyn belled ag y bo'n bosibl, annibyniaeth ac i chwarae rhan weithgar yn y gymuned. Rhaid i lywodraethau wneud popeth o fewn eu gallu i gynorthwyo plant anabl a'u teuluoedd.
• Erthygl 24 (iechyd a gwasanaethau iechyd) - Mae gan bob plentyn yr hawl i fwynhau iechyd o'r safon uchaf posibl. Rhaid i lywodraethau ddarparu gofal iechyd o ansawdd da, dŵr glân, bwyd maethlon, ac amgylchedd glân ac addysg ar iechyd a llesiant er mwyn i blant gadw'n iach. Rhaid i wledydd mwy cyfoethog helpu gwledydd tlotach i wireddu hyn.
• Erthygl 32 (llafur plant) - Rhaid i lywodraethau amddiffyn plant rhag cael eu hecsbloetio'n economaidd a chyflawni gwaith sy'n beryglus neu a allai niweidio eu hiechyd, datblygiad neu addysg. Rhaid i lywodraethau bennu lleiafswm oedran er mwyn i blant weithio a sicrhau bod amodau gwaith yn ddiogel ac yn addas.
• Erthygl 34 (camfanteisio rhywiol) - Rhaid i lywodraethau amddiffyn plant rhag pob math o gam-drin a chamfanteisio rhywiol.
• Erthygl 35 (herwgydio, gwerthu a masnachu) - Rhaid i lywodraethau amddiffyn plant rhag cael eu herwgydio, eu gwerthu neu eu symud yn anghyfreithlon i le gwahanol o fewn neu y tu hwnt i'w gwlad at ddibenion camfanteisio.
• Erthygl 36 (mathau eraill o gamfanteisio) - Rhaid i lywodraethau amddiffyn plant rhag pob math arall o gamfanteisio, er enghraifft camfanteisio ar blant er mwyn gweithgareddau gwleidyddol, gan y cyfryngau neu ar gyfer ymchwil meddygol.
• Erthygl 39 (adferiad ar ôl trawma ac ailintegreiddio) - Rhaid i blant sydd wedi dioddef esgeuluster, camdriniaeth, camfanteisio, arteithio neu sydd wedi dioddef oherwydd rhyfel, dderbyn cymorth arbennig i'w helpu i adfer eu hiechyd, urddas, hunanbarch a bywyd cymdeithasol.

Darllen pellach: https://www.unicef.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/UNCRC_summary-1.pdf

The Human Rights Act 1998 sets out an individual’s human rights in a series of ‘Articles’. Each Article deals with a different right.

These are all taken from the ECHR and are commonly known as ‘the Convention Rights’:

• Article 2 states an individual’s right to life
• Article 3 protects the individual from:
  • torture (mental or physical)
  • inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
• Article 4 protects the individual’s right not to be held in slavery or servitude, or made to do forced labour
• Article 6 protects an individual’s right to a fair hearing if a public authority is making a decision that has an impact upon their civil rights or obligations
• Article 8 protects the individual’s right to respect for their private and family life
• Article 14 protects an individual from discrimination.

Mae Deddf Hawliau Dynol 1998 yn rhestru hawliau dynol unigolyn mewn cyfres o ‘Erthyglau’. Mae pob Erthygl yn ymdrin â hawl wahanol.

Daw pob un o'r rhain o’r Confensiwn Ewropeaidd ar Hawliau Dynol (ECHR) a'u henw cyffredin yw 'Hawliau'r Confensiwn':

• Mae Erthygl 2 yn nodi hawl unigolyn i fywyd
• Mae Erthygl 3 yn amddiffyn yr unigolyn rhag:
  • arteithio (meddyliol neu gorfforol)
  • triniaeth neu gosb annynol neu ddiraddol.
• Mae Erthygl 4 yn amddiffyn hawl yr unigolyn rhag caethwasiaeth neu gaethwasanaeth, neu lafur dan orfod
• Mae Erthygl 6 yn amddiffyn hawl yr unigolyn i gael gwrandawiad teg os yw awdurdod cyhoeddus yn penderfynu ar fater sy'n effeithio ar ei hawliau dynol neu rwymedigaethau
• Mae Erthygl 8 yn amddiffyn hawl yr unigolyn i gael parch i'w fywyd preifat a theuluol
• Mae Erthygl 14 yn amddiffyn unigolyn rhag gwahaniaethu.

The Children Act 1989 provides a comprehensive framework for the care and protection of children. It focuses on the welfare of children up to their 18th birthday.

It defines parental responsibility and encourages partnership working with parents and multi-agency co-operation.

The welfare checklist in the Children Act 1989 consists of seven statutory criteria that the courts must consider when reaching its decision in cases involving children.

The seven criteria set out in the welfare checklist under s1(3) Children Act 1989 are:

• the ascertainable wishes and feelings of the child concerned
• the child’s physical, emotional and educational needs
• the likely effect on the child if circumstances changed as a result of the court’s decision
• the child’s age, sex, backgrounds and any other characteristics which will be relevant to the court’s decision
• any harm the child has suffered or may be at risk of suffering
• capability of the child’s parents (or any other individual the courts find relevant) at meeting the child’s needs
• the powers available to the court in the given proceedings.

Mae Deddf Plant 1989 yn darparu fframwaith cynhwysfawr ar gyfer amddiffyn plant a gofalu amdanyn nhw. Mae'n canolbwyntio ar les plant hyd at eu pen-blwydd yn 18 oed.

Mae'n diffinio cyfrifoldeb rhieni ac yn annog gweithio mewn partneriaeth gyda rhieni a chydweithio amlasiantaethol.

Mae rhestr wirio llesiant Deddf Plant 1989 yn cynnwys saith maen prawf statudol y mae'n rhaid i'r llysoedd eu hystyried wrth benderfynu ar achosion sy'n ymwneud â phlant.

Y saith maen prawf a nodir yn y rhestr wirio llesiant o dan a1(3) Deddf Plant 1989 yw:

• dymuniadau a theimladau canfyddadwy'r plentyn dan sylw
• nghenion corfforol, emosiynol ac addysgol y plentyn
• yr effaith debygol ar y plentyn petai amgylchiadau'n newid o ganlyniad i benderfyniad y llys
• oedran, rhyw, cefndir y plentyn ac unrhyw nodweddion eraill a fydd yn berthnasol i benderfyniad y llys
• unrhyw niwed y mae'r plentyn wedi'i ddioddef neu mae mewn perygl o'i ddioddef
• gallu rhieni'r plentyn (neu unrhyw unigolyn perthnasol arall ym marn y llys) i ddiwallu anghenion y plentyn
• y pwerau sydd ar gael i'r llys yn yr achos dan sylw.

The Children Act 2004 does not replace or even amend much of the Children Act 1989. It covers England and Wales separately.

It aims to identify needs and provide early intervention, and provide for the Joint Assessment Framework.

Based on the Act, The Welsh Government has adopted Seven Core Aims through which it will work to ensure that all children and young individuals:

• have a flying start in life
• have a comprehensive range of education and learning opportunities
• enjoy the best possible health and are free from abuse, victimisation and exploitation
• have access to play, leisure, sporting and cultural activities
• are listened to, treated with respect, and have their race and cultural identity recognised
• have a safe home and a community which supports physical and emotional well-being
• are not disadvantaged by poverty.

Nid yw Deddf Plant 2004 yn disodli Deddf Plant 1989 na hyd yn oed yn newid llawer arni. Mae'n ymdrin â Chymru a Lloegr ar wahân.

Ei nod yw nodi anghenion ac ymyrryd yn gynnar, a darparu ar gyfer y Fframwaith Asesu ar y Cyd.

Ar sail y Ddeddf, mae Llywodraeth Cymru wedi mabwysiadu Saith Nod Craidd ar gyfer pob plentyn ac unigolyn ifanc er mwyn:

• sicrhau eu bod yn cael dechrau teg i fywyd
• sicrhau eu bod yn cael ystod gynhwysfawr o addysg a chyfleoedd dysgu
• sicrhau eu bod yn mwynhau'r iechyd gorau posibl a'u bod yn rhydd rhag camdriniaeth, erledigaeth a chamfanteisio
• sicrhau eu bod yn cael mynediad at gyfleoedd chwarae, hamdden, chwaraeon a diwylliannol
• sicrhau bod unigolion yn gwrando arnyn nhw, yn eu trin â pharch, ac yn cydnabod eu hil a hunaniaeth ddiwylliannol
• sicrhau bod ganddyn nhw gartref a chymuned i gynnal llesiant corfforol ac emosiynol
• sicrhau nad ydyn nhw o dan anfantais oherwydd tlodi.

The All Wales Child Protection Procedures are for all individuals and agencies working with children and families, or with adults who may pose a risk to children, across professions, agencies and departments, and in the statutory, voluntary and independent sectors.

The procedures are in five parts:

• Part 1 gives the context for child protection work, including the key principles that underpin professional’s work with children and families, and the definitions of abuse and neglect.
• Part 2 sets out what individuals should do if they are concerned that a child is being abused, or if they suspect that there is a risk of abuse.
• Part 3 describes the procedures to be followed when a report of child abuse or neglect has been made.
• Part 4 provides additional information about the management of particular types of child abuse.
• Part 5 contains protocols developed by the All Wales Child Protection Procedures Review Group.

Mae Gweithdrefnau Amddiffyn Plant Cymru Gyfan ar gyfer pob unigolyn ac asiantaeth sy'n gweithio gyda phlant a theuluoedd, neu gydag oedolion a all beri risg i blant, ar draws proffesiynau, asiantaethau ac adrannau, ac yn y sectorau statudol, gwirfoddol ac annibynnol.

Mae pum rhan i'r gweithdrefnau:

• Mae Rhan 1 yn cyflwyno cyd-destun gwaith amddiffyn plant, gan gynnwys yr egwyddorion allweddol sy'n sail i waith gweithwyr proffesiynol gyda phlant a theuluoedd, a diffiniadau o gam-drin ac egseuluster.
• Mae Rhan 2 yn nodi beth ddylai unigolion ei wneud os ydyn nhw'n pryderu bod plentyn yn cael ei gam-drin, neu os ydyn nhw'n amau fod perygl o gamdriniaeth.
• Mae Rhan 3 yn disgrifio'r gweithdrefnau i'w dilyn ar ôl derbyn adroddiad bod plentyn yn cael ei gam-drin neu ei esgeuluso.
• Mae Rhan 4 yn darparu gwybodaeth ychwanegol am sut i reoli mathau penodol o gam-drin plant.
• Mae Rhan 5 yn cynnwys protocolau a ddatblygwyd gan Grŵp Adolygu Gweithdrefnau Amddiffyn Plant Cymru Gyfan.

This Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (SVGA) 2006 was passed to help avoid harm, or risk of harm, by preventing individuals who are deemed unsuitable to work with children and vulnerable adults from gaining access to them through their work.

Organisations providing services or personnel to vulnerable groups have a legal obligation to ensure that their recruitment process includes the current necessary checks:

• The Disclosure and Barring Service – helps employers make safer recruitment decisions
• List 99 - a secret register of men and women who are barred from working with children by the Department of Education and Skills (DfES)
• POCA – a list established by the Secretary of State for Health of individuals considered to be unsuitable to work with children.
• POVA - a list of individuals who are banned from working in a care position in a registered care home, whether employed by the home or an agency, or with a domiciliary care agency.

Pasiwyd Deddf Diogelu Grwpiau Hyglwyf 2006 er mwyn helpu i osgoi niwed, neu berygl o niwed, drwy atal unigolion sy'n cael eu hystyried yn anaddas i weithio gyda phlant ac oedolion agored i niwed rhag dod i gysylltiad gyda nhw drwy eu gwaith.

Mae gan sefydliadau sy'n darparu gwasanaethau neu weithwyr ar gyfer grwpiau agored i niwed rwymedigaeth gyfreithiol i sicrhau bod eu proses recriwtio yn cynnwys y gwiriadau cyfredol angenrheidiol:

• Y Gwasanaeth Datgelu a Gwahardd – yn helpu cyflogwyr i ddod i benderfyniadau recriwtio mwy diogel
• Rhestr 99 - cofrestr gyfrinachol o ddynion a menywod sydd wedi'u gwahardd rhag gweithio gyda phlant gan yr Adran Addysg a Sgiliau (DfES)
• Deddf Amddiffyn Plant 1999 – rhestr a gafodd ei sefydlu gan yr Ysgrifennydd Gwladol dros Iechyd o unigolion sy'n cael eu hystyried yn anaddas i weithio gyda phlant
• Deddf Amddiffyn Oedolion Agored i Niwed - rhestr o unigolion sydd wedi'u gwahardd rhag gweithio mewn swydd ofalu mewn cartref gofal cofrestredig, boed nhw'n cael eu cyflogi gan y cartref neu gan asiantaeth, neu gan asiantaeth gofal yn y cartref.

The Act came into force on 6 April 2016.

The Act provides the legal framework for improving the well-being of individuals who need care and support, and carers who need support, and for transforming social services in Wales. The Act:

• requires local authorities to investigate where they suspect that an adult with care and support needs is at risk of abuse or neglect (section 126);
• provides for adult protection and support orders to authorise entry to premises (if necessary by force) for the purpose of enabling an authorised officer of a local authority to assess whether an adult is at risk of abuse or neglect and, if so, what to do about it (section 127)
• requires local authorities and their relevant partners to report to the appropriate authority where they suspect that individuals may be at risk of abuse or neglect (sections 128 and 130)
• establishes a National Independent Safeguarding Board to provide support and advice in order to ensure the effectiveness of Safeguarding Boards (sections 132 and 133).

Daeth y Ddeddf i rym ar 6 Ebrill 2016.

Mae'r Ddeddf yn darparu'r fframwaith cyfreithiol ar gyfer gwella llesiant unigolion sydd arnynt angen gofal a chymorth, a gofalwyr sydd arnynt angen cymorth, a gweddnewid y gwasanaethau cymdeithasol yng Nghymru. Mae'r Ddeddf:

• yn ei gwneud yn ofynnol i awdurdodau lleol ymchwilio pan maen nhw’n amau bod oedolyn ag anghenion gofal a chymorth mewn perygl o gael ei gam-drin neu ei esgeuluso (adran 126);
• yn darparu ar gyfer gorchmynion amddiffyn oedolion a chymorth sy’n caniatáu mynediad i eiddo (drwy rym os oes angen) er mwyn galluogi swyddog awdurdodedig awdurdod lleol i asesu a yw oedolyn mewn perygl o gael ei gam-drin neu ei esgeuluso ac, os felly, beth ddylid ei wneud ynglŷn â'r mater (adran 127)
• yn ei gwneud yn ofynnol i awdurdodau lleol a'u partneriaid perthnasol i roi gwybod i'r awdurdod priodol pan fyddan nhw'n amau y gallai unigolion fod mewn perygl o gael eu cam-drin neu eu hesgeuluso (adrannau 128 ac 130)
• yn sefydlu Bwrdd Diogelu Annibynnol Cenedlaethol i ddarparu cymorth a chyngor er mwyn sicrhau effeithlonrwydd Byrddau Diogelu (adrannau 132 ac 133).

This is an Act to improve the public sector response in Wales to violence against women, domestic abuse and sexual violence which became law in Wales on 29 April 2015.

The purpose of this Act is to improve:

• arrangements for the prevention of gender-based violence, domestic abuse and sexual violence;
• arrangements for the protection of victims of gender-based violence, domestic abuse and sexual violence;
• support for individuals affected by gender-based violence, domestic abuse and sexual violence.

Deddf yw hon i wella ymateb y sector cyhoeddus yng Nghymru i drais yn erbyn menywod, cam-drin domestig a thrais rhywiol a daeth i rym yng Nghymru ar 29 Ebrill 2015.

Pwrpas y Ddeddf hon yw gwella:

• trefniadau ar gyfer atal trais ar sail rhyw, cam-drin domestig a thrais rhywiol;
• trefniadau ar gyfer amddiffyn dioddefwyr trais ar sail rhyw, cam-drin domestig a thrais rhywiol;
• cymorth ar gyfer unigolion sy'n cael eu heffeithio gan drais ar sail rhyw, cam-drin domestig a thrais rhywiol.

There are five principles which underpin the Mental Capacity Act:

In order to protect those who lack capacity and to enable them to take part, as much as possible in decisions that affect them, the following statutory principles apply:

• always assume an individual has capacity unless it is proved otherwise
• take all practicable steps to enable an individual to make their own decisions
• do not assume incapacity simply because someone makes an unwise decision
• always act, or decide, for an individual without capacity in their best interests
• carefully consider actions to ensure the least restrictive option is taken.

Mae'r Deddf Galluedd Meddyliol yn seiliedig ar bum egwyddor:

Er mwyn amddiffyn unigolion â diffyg galluedd ac er mwyn eu galluogi i gymryd rhan, i'r graddau bod hynny'n bosibl yn y penderfyniadau sy'n effeithio arnyn nhw, mae'r egwyddorion statudol canlynol yn gymwys:

• dylid bob amser rhagdybio bod gallu gan yr unigolyn oni bai bod hynny'n cael ei brofi'n wahanol
• dylid cymryd pob cam ymarferol i alluogi unigolyn i ddod i’w benderfyniadau ei hun
• ni ddylid rhagdybio nad oes gan unigolyn allu oherwydd ei fod yn gwneud penderfyniad annoeth yn unig
• dylid bob amser gweithredu, neu ddod i benderfyniadau, er lles pennaf yr unigolyn heb allu
• dylid ystyried unrhyw gamau gweithredu yn ofalus i sicrhau bod y dewis lleiaf cyfyngol yn cael ei wneud.