How types of care can support individuals Sut y gall mathau o ofal helpu unigolion
Conditions and circumstances affecting care Amodau ac amgylchiadau sy'n effeithio ar ofal

Medical care

Physical or learning disabilities, sight or hearing problems and difficulties with reading or speaking English, which may affect the patient’s involvement in a medical consultation. An advocate should be appointed to speak for the individual if necessary.

A medical practitioner should not make assumptions about a patient based on their appearance or behaviour.

An individual’s concerns about medicines, and whether they believe they need them, will affect how and whether they take their prescribed medicines.

Beliefs and customs that an individual may have can result in them not following medical advice. In order to assess the risk factors, the medical professionals should discuss with the patient their physical, psychological, social, spiritual and financial circumstances and address any beliefs or concerns they have whilst ensuring that they respect their views.

If a medical professional felt that a parent was endangering a child by not following the medical advice given to them concerning their child, then preventative safeguarding measures would need to be put in place to ensure the safety of the child.

Gofal meddygol

Anableddau corfforol neu ddysgu, problemau golwg neu glyw ac anawsterau i ddarllen neu siarad Saesneg, a all effeithio ar allu claf i gymryd rhan mewn ymgynghoriad meddygol. Dylai eiriolwr gael ei benodi i siarad ar ran yr unigolyn os oes angen.

Ni ddylai ymarferydd meddygol wneud rhagdybiaethau am glaf ar sail ei ymddangosiad neu ymddygiad.

Bydd pryderon unigolyn am feddyginiaethau, ac a yw'n credu fod arno eu hangen, yn effeithio ar sut a phryd bydd yn cymryd y meddyginiaethau mae'n eu cael ar bresgripsiwn.

Efallai na fydd unigolyn yn dilyn cyngor meddygol oherwydd ei greodau ac arferion. Er mwyn asesu ffactorau risg, dylai'r gweithwyr meddygol proffesiynol sgwrsio gyda'r claf am ei amgylchiadau corfforol, seicolegol, cymdeithasol, ysbrydol ac ariannol a rhoi sylw i unrhyw greodau neu bryderon sydd ganddo, gan sicrhau eu bod yn parchu'r safbwynt hwnnw.

Petai gweithiwr proffesiynol meddygol yn teimlo bod rhiant yn peryglu plentyn drwy beidio â dilyn y cyngor meddygol a roddwyd iddo/iddi mewn perthynas â'i blentyn/phlentyn, yna byddai angen cymryd camau diogelu ataliol er mwyn sicrhau diogelwch y plentyn.

Social care

Making decisions about an individual’s care package can be difficult. Care workers need to first assess whether they believe the individual has the mental capacity to make the decision themselves. Under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 it must be assumed that an individual has the capacity until a formal assessment has been carried out. They believe that an individual lacks capacity if they cannot do one or more of these four things:

• understand information given to them
• retain that information long enough to be able to make the decision
• weigh up the information available to make the decision
• communicate their decision - this could be by talking, using sign language or even simple muscle movements such as blinking an eye or squeezing a hand.

In situations where an individual is deemed not to have the capacity to make a decision for themselves then an advocate can make decisions in their best interest. They cannot however, make decisions for an individual about the following:

• marriage or civil partnership
• divorce
• sexual relationships
• adoption
• voting.

Gofal cymdeithasol

Gall gwneud penderfyniadau am becyn gofal unigolyn fod yn anodd. Yn gyntaf, mae angen i weithwyr gofal asesu a ydyn nhw'n credu bod gan yr unigolyn y galluedd meddyliol i wneud y penderfyniad ei hun. O dan Ddeddf Galluedd Meddyliol 2005 rhaid rhagdybio bod gan unigolyn y galluedd hyd nes bydd asesiad ffurfiol wedi cael ei gynnal. Maen nhw'n credu nad oes gan unigolyn alluedd os nad yw'n gallu gwneud un neu ragor o'r pedwar peth hyn:

• deall gwybodaeth sy'n cael ei rhoi iddo
• cadw'r wybodaeth honno'n ddigon hir i allu dod i benderfyniad
• pwyso a mesur y wybodaeth sydd ar gael i wneud y penderfyniad
• cyfathrebu ei benderfyniad - gallai hyn fod drwy siarad, defnyddio iaith arwyddion neu hyd yn oed symudiadau syml â'r cyhyrau fel amrantu neu wasgu llaw.

Mewn sefyllfaoedd lle ystyrir nad oes gan unigolyn y galluedd i wneud penderfyniad drosto ei hun yna gall eiriolwr wneud penderfyniadau er ei fudd. Fodd bynnag, ni all ddod i benderfyniad ar ran unigolyn ynglŷn â'r materion canlynol:

• priodas a phartneriaeth sifil
• ysgariad
• perthnasoedd rhywiol
• mabwysiadu
• pleidleisio.