Triangulation and methodological pluralism are frequently confused.

Define each term, using the key concepts to help you where possible:


Triangulation

This is the use of two or more methods in order to check the data from one method, with the data from another method. Ethnographers using observation as a method of research may use triangulation in order to check what they have observed, with data from interviews. Researchers using a questionnaire may also use some structured interviews, for example, to cross check their findings. Sociologists, who use triangulation, may increase the reliability and validity of their data.


Methodological pluralism

To find a fuller and more detailed picture of the topic the sociologist is researching – a more in-depth picture of social life. This is a strategy used by realists who want to dig deep and find the underlying structures, mechanisms and processes of society. Sociologists, who adopt a methodological pluralist approach, will also increase the validity of their data. They will uncover different layers of the social world, as each new method is used.

1. Give an example of research which used triangulation. Explain why you think the results from the data collection from two or more methods enabled the researchers to cross-check their findings. You will need to look up the study/studies you cite and find out what methods of data collection was used.

Use studies that you are familiar with from other areas that you have been studying, such as education, youth culture, crime and deviance, or health.


2. Give an example of research which used methodological pluralism. Explain why you think the researchers were trying to dig deeper and uncover ‘hidden’ structures, processes and mechanisms.

Again, use studies that you are familiar with from other areas that you have been studying, such as education, youth culture, crime and deviance, or health.